THE GEOMETRY OF H-C-C-N

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Michigan State UniversityThe geometry of HCCN in its lowest triplet state has been studied with the restricted open shell SCF technique followed by a modest configuration interaction. The SCF results predict minima corresponding to a linear nitrene $H-C\equiv C-\quad{N}$ and a bent carbene $H_{\backslash_{C-C\equiv N}}$ with the allylic structure $H-\ddot{C}=C=\ddot{N}$ being the transition state. In contrast, the CI results predict that the allylic structure is the only minimum on the surface

Cardiac electrophysiology and pacing educational and training needs among early-career cardiologists: a national survey of the Young Committee of the Italian Association of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing

Background Over the past three decades, cardiac electrophysiology and pacing, including device therapy and catheter ablation of arrhythmias, has rapidly developed as a subspecialty in cardiology. Currently, there is no clear perception about the needs in cardiac electrophysiology and pacing among early-career cardiologists. Methods To address these concerns, the Young Committee of the Italian Association of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing (AIAC) carried out a survey among those under the age of 40 years to obtain detailed information on practical activities and formal lessons during the fellowship in cardiology and their satisfaction and proficiency level at the end of the fellowship. Results We obtained 334 answers to the survey. In invasive cardiac electrophysiology and pacing, the percentage of participants attending the activity for a longer time (3-6 months) is lower compared with those in noninvasive subspecialties. About 40% of participants did not receive lessons on interventional cardiology, cardiac electrophysiology and pacing. On the contrary, 71% of participants received an adequate number of lessons on clinical arrhythmology. The vast majority of the participants expressed satisfaction for the education received in the echocardiographic, cardiac interventional laboratories and clinical arrhythmology, but about half of the participants were unsatisfied with the education received in cardiac electrophysiology and pacing. In interventional arrhythmology, the majority of the participants declare their lack of proficiency with two peaks for more complex procedures, namely interventional electrophysiology procedures (82%) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) procedures (76%). Conclusion The present survey among Italian early-career cardiologists suggests that the majority of participants consider themselves not confident in performing cardiac electrophysiology and pacing procedures. Due to the complexity of the treatment for heart rhythm disorders and the long learning curve, structured additional training in cardiac electrophysiology and pacing procedures is required after cardiology fellowship