Impacts on Natural Enemies and Competitor Thrips of Insecticides against the Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Fruiting Vegetables

Newer, selective insecticides with few negative impacts on natural enemies and competitor species are needed for effective, sustainable management of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impacts on natural enemies and competitor thrips species of insecticides used for control of western flower thrips in fruiting vegetables. Trials with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and with pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were conducted to evaluate insecticide treatment effects on western flower thrips and natural enemies at the North Florida in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011. A number of insecticides from different classes showed moderate to high efficacy against western flower thrips. The broad-spectrum insecticides acetamiprid, methomyl, and tolfenpyrad demonstrated activity against the pest, while also reducing populations of the key predator of thrips in pepper, Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Insecticides that showed little impact on populations of O. insidiosus were cyantraniliprole, flonicamid, spirotetramat, and terpenes. Although only moderately active against the western flower thrips, they would be valuable additions to existing management programs for pepper. Insecticides with activity against western flower thrips also showed activity against Frankliniella tritici (Fitch). This non-damaging congener species is a beneficial because it out-competes the western flower thrips, especially in tomato where O. insidiosus is not a major factor in western flower thrips management. Numerous insecticides were identified with activity against the western flower thrips that are suitable for use in integrated pest management programs of fruiting vegetables.Keywords: Pepper, Biological insecticides, Biological control, Reduced-risk insecticides, Orius, Tomat

Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) integrated pest management programs for fruiting vegetables in Florida

BACKGROUND: The spread of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), resulted in the worldwide destabilization of established integrated pest management programs for many crops. Efforts to control the pest and the thrips-vectored tospoviruses with calendar applications of broad-spectrum insecticides have been unsuccessful. The result has been a classic ‘3-R’ situation: resistance to numerous insecticides; resurgence of the western flower thrips populations as a result of natural predators and native competitor thrips being eliminated; replacement by various other pests. This paper reports on integrated pest management programs for fruiting vegetables that are effective, economical, ecologically sound and sustainable. RESULTS: The components include the following: define pest status (economic thresholds); increase biotic resistance (natural enemies and competition); integrate preventive and therapeutic tactics (scouting, ultraviolet-reflective technologies, biological control, compatible insecticides, companion plants and fertility); vertically integrate the programs with other pests; continually communicate latest science-based management tactics with end-users. CONCLUSION: These programs have been widely implemented in Florida and have significantly improved the management of western flower thrips and thrips-transmitted viruses.This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by the Society of Chemical Industry and published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. It can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291526-4998Keywords: thrips, fruiting vegetables, tospovirus, integrated pest management, Frankliniella occidentali

Population fluctuations of some important pests and natural enemies found in Oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascena Miller) production areas in Isparta province (Turkey)

WOS: 000300345400001This study was carried out during 2006-2007 in Isparta province, to determine harmful and beneficial species and to reveal important species in Oil-bearing rose production areas. In the study, population fluctuations of economically harmful species known as Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Acarina: Tetranychidae), Rhodococcus perrornatus Cockerell & Parrott (Hemiptera: Coccidae), Macrosiphum rosae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Thrips meridionalis Priesner (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), Oxythyrea cinctella Schaum, Tropinota hirta Poda (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae), Perotis chlorana Castelnau & Gory (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), Rhynchites hungaricus Herbst (Coleoptera: Attelabidae), Cnaemidophorus rhododactyla (Denis & Schiffermller) (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae), Syrista parreyssii Spinola (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) and important natural enemies of these pests known as Anthribus fasciatus Forster (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), Adalia fasciatopunctata revelierei (Mulsant), Coccinella septempunctata (L.), Exochomus quadripustulatus (L.), Hippodamia variegata Goeze (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were determined. The results of this study demonstrate that R. perornatus and M. rosae are the two most economically harmful pests at the Oil-bearing rose orchards.Research Found of Suleyman Demirel UniversitySuleyman Demirel UniversityWe would like to thank following experts for identification of the species: Prof. Dr. Sultan Cobanoglu (Ankara University, Plant Protection Department, Ankara-Turkey), Prof. Dr. Andreas H. Segerer (Zoologische Staatssammlung Munchen, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munchen, Germany), Prof. Dr. Ake Lindelow (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Ecology, Sweden), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bora Kaydan (Yuzuncu Yil University, Plant Protection Department, Van-Turkey), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ekrem Atakan (Cukurova University, Plant Protection Department, Adana-Turkey), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Levent Gultekin, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Onder Calmasur (Ataturk University, Plant Protection Department, Erzurum-Turkey), Assist. Prof. Dr. Feza Can (Mustafa Kemal University, Plant Protection Department, Hatay-Turkey), Assist. Prof. Dr. Derya Senal (Kocaeli University, Plant Protection Department, Kocaeli-Turkey), Dr. Isil Ozdemir (Institute of Plant Protection, Ankara-Turkey) and Dr. George Kaladze (Institute of Zoology, Tbilisi, Georgia). This study was carried out with the financial support from Research Found of Suleyman Demirel University

\u3ci\u3eFrankliniella occidentalis\u3c/i\u3e (Pergande) integrated pest management programs for fruiting vegetables in Florida

BACKGROUND:The spread of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), resulted in the worldwide destabilization of established integrated pest management programs for many crops. Efforts to control the pest and the thrips-vectored tospoviruses with calendar applications of broad-spectrum insecticides have been unsuccessful. The result has been a classic ‘3-R’ situation: resistance to numerous insecticides; resurgence of the western flower thrips populations as a result of natural predators and native competitor thrips being eliminated; replacement by various other pests. This paper reports on integrated pest management programs for fruiting vegetables that are effective, economical, ecologically sound and sustainable. RESULTS: The components include the following: define pest status (economic thresholds); increase biotic resistance (natural enemies and competition); integrate preventive and therapeutic tactics (scouting, ultraviolet-reflective technologies, biological control, compatible insecticides, companion plants and fertility); vertically integrate the programs with other pests; continually communicate latest science-based management tactics with end-users. CONCLUSION: These programs have been widely implemented in Florida and have significantly improved the management of western flower thrips and thrips-transmitted viruses

Does diatomaceous earth (DE) cause mortality on <i>Apis mellifera</i> and <i>Bombus terrestris</i>?

Bees play an essential role in the sustainability of terrestrial and agricultural ecosystems as pollinators. However, external factors such as pesticides can negatively affect both bees and plants pollinated by bees, as well as human health. Therefore, less toxic or non-toxic plant protection products have become a popular research topic for a sustainable environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of four different commercial products of diatomaceous earth (Bio, Demite, Detech, Detech WP) on workers of Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris under controlled laboratory conditions. Each diatomaceous earth product was sprayed on the bees as dust particles for 15 seconds at Maximum Field Dose (10 g/m2). While the worker bees in positive control groups (control +) were exposed to flour, those in the negative control groups (control –) were not exposed to any treatment. The highest mortality rates for B. terrestris and A. mellifera were 22% in Detech WP and 16% in Demite, respectively. However, since mortality rates were under 25% for all the tested DE products, they were classified as harmless for both bee species. Additionally, the direct effect of diatomaceous earth products on honey bees and bumble bees was revealed for the first time in this study.</p