A tipi kişilik yapısına sahip bireylerde koroid ve ganglion hücre kompleks kalınlıkları: Optik koherens tomografi çalışması

Aim: To evaluate choroidal thickness (CT) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in subjects with type A behavior pattern (TABP). Material and Method: Thirtyeight eyes of 38 healthy controls and 38 eyes of 38 patients with TABP were enrolled. Each subject underwent a complete ophthalmic examination before SD-OCT images were obtained. Choroidal thicknesses were measured manually at the central of fovea (subfoveal) and 500 µm intervals up to 1500 µm temporal (T1, T2, T3) and nasal (N1, N2, N3) to the fovea with Enhanced Depth Imaging (EDI ) mode. GCC thickness was evaluated automatically as the minimum and the average thicknesses. Parameters were compared between the groups. Results: The mean ages were 38.7±13.8 years in TABP group, and 40.3±11.5 years in control group. There were no significant differences in mean age, gender distribution, intraocular pressure and spherical equivalent between the groups (p>0.05). The mean (±SD) CT for each of the 7 points (subfoveal, N1, N2, N3, T1, T2, T3) in TABP group were 325.4±45.1, 301.3±39.4, 284.6±35.2, 269.5±41.9, 293.2±40.7, 274.5±43.8, 260.5±44.3 µm, respectively. CT values in control group were 322.9±27.9, 301.8±33.2, 288.5±35.0, 278.1±33.4, 297.2±31.5, 285.1±33.0, 271.4±39.5 µm, respectively. There was no significant differences in CT for all 7 points between the groups (p>0,05). The mean and minimum GCC thicknesses in TABP group were 82.2±5.3 µm and 79.0±6.4 µm, respectively. Corresponding values in control group were 86.3±7.2 µm and 83.5±6.0 µm, respectively. There were significant differences in mean and minimum GCC thicknesses between the groups (p>0,05). Discussion: Although no detectable difference between the groups in terms of CT, the mean and minimum GCC thickness values of TABP patients were statistically lower than control group. TABP may be accompanied with a decrease of ganglion cell thickness

SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS' VIEWS ON USING TECHNOLOGY IN TEACHING MATHEMATICS

Individuals with special needs require support in acquiring various academic and social skills and mathematical skills are one of the most important skills in which individuals with special needs need to acquire in order to maintain their daily lives. Current approaches in education emphasize the importance of integrating technology into special education classrooms in order to increase achievement and facilitate learning and various technological tools are used in teaching mathematics to individuals with special needs. Therefore, special education teachers need to be competent in using technology in teaching mathematics and aim of this study is to determine the views and recommendations of special education teachers on technology use in teaching mathematics to students with special needs. Qualitative research method was used in the study. A total number of 15 special education teachers working at special education institutions in North Cyprus participated in the study. A semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers was used to collect the data. Data of the study were analyzed using content analysis method through constituting themes based on the answers of special education teachers. According to the results, special education teachers think that they are competent in using technology in teaching mathematics. Results are provided and discussed with reference to relevant literature. Finally, implications for special education practices and recommendations for further research are also presented

Ganglion cell complex thickness in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration

Purpose To evaluate ganglion cell complex(GCC) thickness with spectral domain opticalcoherence tomography (SD-OCT) in eyes withnonexudative age-related maculardegeneration (NEAMD).Methods Forty-seven eyes of 28 patientswith nonexudative age-related maculardegeneration (NEAMD) and 54 eyes of 28age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled.Each subject underwent a completeophthalmic examination before SD-OCT wereobtained. Macular scans were taken withsoftware version 6.0 of the ganglion cellanalysis (GCA) algorithm. GCC thickness wasevaluated automatically as the average,minimum, temporal superior, superior, nasalsuperior, nasal inferior, inferior, andtemporal-inferior segments by SD-OCT andparameters were compared between groups.Results The mean age was 68.7±8.73 yearsin patient group, and 61.51±5.66 years incontrol group. There were no significantdifferences in mean age, gender distribution,intraocular pressure, and sferic equivalent atimaging between the groups (P40.05). Themean (±SD) GCC thicknesses were asfollows; average 71.53±16.53 µm, minumum62.36±21.51 µm, temporal superior72.23±14.60 µm, superior 72.76±20.40 µm,nasal superior 72.31±20.13 µm, nasal inferior69.74±20.51 µm, inferior 69.38±19.03 µm, andtemporal-inferior 73.12±15.44 µm in patientgroup. Corresponding values in control groupwere 81.46±4.90 µm, 78.66±6.00 µm,81.51±4.66 µm, 82.94±5.14 µm,81.79±5.86 µm, 80.94±6.18 µm,80.14±6.30 µm, and 81.75±5.26 µm,respectively. There were significantdifferences between two groups in eachsegments (Mann–Whitney U-test, Po0.05).Conclusion The average GCC thicknessvalues (in all segments) of NEAMD patients were lower than control group. NEAMD,which is considered as a disease of outerlayers of retina, may be accompanied witha decrease of ganglion cell thickness, so innerlayers of retina may be affected

Topical Nepafenac in Treatment of Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

This study had been performed to investigate the anatomic and functional outcomes of nepafenac 0.1% therapy in acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). The medical records of 30 patients with acute CSC were reviewed for a total of 31 eye charts. Seventeen eye records of 16 patients who were treated with topical nepafenac 0.1% three times daily for four weeks and continued until complete resolution of subretinal fluid were appraised. Fourteen patients with acute CSC (a total of 14 eye records) who did not receive treatment served as the control group also had been recorded. The proportion of eyes with complete resolution of subretinal fluid, serial changes in the mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and the mean central foveal thickness (CFT) at 6 months of therapy were the outcomes measured. Mean age was 42.6±8.2 years in the treatment group and 41.1±7.1 years in the control group (p=0.85). At 6 months, 14 eyes (82.3%) in the treatment group and 6 eyes (42.8%) in the control group revealed a complete resolution in the subretinal fluid (p=0.02). In the treatment group, mean BCVA (LogMAR) significantly improved from 0.19±0.17 at baseline to 0.09±0.12 at 6 months (p=0.01). In the control group, mean BCVA (LogMAR) was 0.13±0.14 at baseline and decreased to 0.1±0.11 at 6 months (p=0.28). In the treatment group, mean CFT was 349±115 µm at baseline and significantly improved to 221±95 µm at 6 months (p<0.01). In the control group, mean CFT declined from 391±138 µm at baseline to 301±125 µm at 6 months (p=0.06). No treatment-related ocular or systemic side effects were observed. In conclusion, nepafenac 0.1% has the potential to treatment acute CSC. Further trials are warranted to study its safety and efficacy for this disease

Topical Nepafenac in Treatment of Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

This study had been performed to investigate the anatomic and functional outcomes of nepafenac 0.1% therapy in acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). The medical records of 30 patients with acute CSC were reviewed for a total of 31 eye charts. Seventeen eye records of 16 patients who were treated with topical nepafenac 0.1% three times daily for four weeks and continued until complete resolution of subretinal fluid were appraised. Fourteen patients with acute CSC (a total of 14 eye records) who did not receive treatment served as the control group also had been recorded. The proportion of eyes with complete resolution of subretinal fluid, serial changes in the mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and the mean central foveal thickness (CFT) at 6 months of therapy were the outcomes measured. Mean age was 42.6±8.2 years in the treatment group and 41.1±7.1 years in the control group (p=0.85). At 6 months, 14 eyes (82.3%) in the treatment group and 6 eyes (42.8%) in the control group revealed a complete resolution in the subretinal fluid (p=0.02). In the treatment group, mean BCVA (LogMAR) significantly improved from 0.19±0.17 at baseline to 0.09±0.12 at 6 months (p=0.01). In the control group, mean BCVA (LogMAR) was 0.13±0.14 at baseline and decreased to 0.1±0.11 at 6 months (p=0.28). In the treatment group, mean CFT was 349±115 µm at baseline and significantly improved to 221±95 µm at 6 months (p<0.01). In the control group, mean CFT declined from 391±138 µm at baseline to 301±125 µm at 6 months (p=0.06). No treatment-related ocular or systemic side effects were observed. In conclusion, nepafenac 0.1% has the potential to treatment acute CSC. Further trials are warranted to study its safety and efficacy for this disease

Corneal biomechanical properties in thyroid eye disease

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of thyroid eye disease (TED) on the measurement of corneal biomechanical properties and the relationship between these parameters and disease manifestations. A total of 54 eyes of 27 individuals with TED and 52 eyes of 30 healthy control participants were enrolled. Thyroid ophthalmopathy activity was defined using the VISA (vision, inflammation, strabismus, and appearance/exposure) classification for TED. The intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement with Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), axial length (AL), keratometry, and central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements were taken from each patient. Corneal biomechanical properties, including corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) and noncontact IOP measurements, Goldmann-correlated IOP (IOPg) and corneal-compensated IOP (IOPcc) were measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) using the standard technique. Parameters such as best corrected visual acuity, axial length, central corneal thickness, and corneal curvature were not statistically significant between the two groups (p > 0.05). IOP measured with GAT was higher in participants with TED (p < 0.001). The CH of TED patients was significantly lower than that of the control group. There was no significant difference in the corneal resistance factor between groups. However, IOPg and IOPcc were significantly higher in TED patients. CH and VISA grading of TED patients showed a negative correlation (p = 0.007). In conclusion, TED affects the corneal biomechanical properties by decreasing CH. IOP with GAT and IOPg is found to be increased in these patients. As the severity of TED increases, CH decreases in these patients

Clinical Study The Role of Epiretinal Membrane on Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Intravitreal Bevacizumab

. Purpose. To determine the effect of epiretinal membranes (ERM) on the treatment response and the number of intravitreal bevacizumab injections (IVB) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods. A retrospective chart review was performed on 63 eyes of 63 patients. The patients were divided into AMD group ( = 35) and AMD/ERM group ( = 28). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT), as well as the number of injections, were evaluated. Results. There was a significant improvement in BCVA at 3 months for the AMD and AMD/ERM groups ( = 0.02, = 0.03, resp.). At 6, 12, and 18 months, BCVA did not change significantly in either of the groups compared to baseline ( &gt; 0.05 for all). At 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, the AMD group had an improvement in BCVA (logMAR) of 0.09, 0.06, 0.06, and 0.03 versus 0.08, 0.07, 0.05, and 0.03 for the AMD/ERM group ( = 0.29, = 0.88, = 0.74, = 0.85, resp.). A significant decrease in CRT occurred in both groups for all time points ( &lt; 0.001 for all). The change in CRT was not statistically different between the two groups at all time points ( &gt; 0.05 for all). The mean number of injections over 24 months was 8.8 in the AMD group and 9.2 in the AMD/ERM group ( = 0.76). Conclusion. During 24 months, visual and anatomical outcomes of IVB in nAMD patients were comparable with those in nAMD patients with ERM with similar injection numbers

Bleb yetersizliğinin tedavisinde subkonjonktival 5-fluorourasil kullanımının sonuçları: Olgu serisi

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) injections in eyes with bleb failure and uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) after trabeculectomy. Materials and Methods: Fifteen eyes of 15 patients (6 female, 9 male) were included in this retrospective study. All patients had trabeculectomy surgery for the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma. During the first year followups, cases with IOP higher than 21 mmHg and ineffective blebs were considered as bleb failure. We used 5-FU subconjunctival injections, in the same concentration (5 mg) but in different numbers, to treat the bleb failure and lower the IOP. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated. Results: The mean age was 59.3±12.4 years (range 43-74 years). The mean 5-FU injection count was 5.27±1.58 injections (range 2-7). The mean IOP was reduced to 17.07±7.10 mmHg after treatment. There was a statistically significant difference in IOP levels before and after the injections (p<0.05). Conclusion: 5-FU injection treatment is safe and effective for the treatment of bleb failure after trabeculectomy.Amaç: Trabekülektomi sonrasında bleb yetersizliği ve göz içi basınç (GİB) yüksekliği olan gözlerde 5-Fluorouracil (5- FU) enjeksiyonlarının etkinliğini değerlendirmek. Gereç ve Yöntem: Retrospektif çalışmaya 15 hastanın 15 gözü (6 kadın, 9 erkek) dahil edildi. Tüm hastalar daha önce açık açılı glokom nedeniyle trabekülektomi olmuştu. Birinci yıl takipleri sırasında, GİB'ının 21 mmHg'den yüksek olması ve inefektif bleb varlığı bleb yetersizliği olarak değerlendirildi. Bleb yetersizliğini tedavi etmek ve GİB'ını düşürmek için bu hastalara aynı dozda (5 mg) fakat farklı sayılarda subkonjonktival 5-FU enjeksiyonları uygulandı. Tedavi etkinliği değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Ortalama yaş 59.3±12.4 (43-74 aralığında) idi. Ortalama 5-FU enjeksiyon sayısı 5.27±1.58 (2-7 aralığında) idi. Ortalama GİB tedaviyle 17.07±7.10 mmHg'ya düştü. Enjeksiyonlar öncesi ve sonrası dönem arasında GİB seviyelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düşüş tespit edildi (p<0.05). Sonuç: 5-FU enjeksiyon tedavisi, trabekülektomi sonrası bleb yetmezliği olan vakalarda güvenli ve efektiftir