Open data provenance and reproducibility : a case study from publishing CMS open data

In this paper we present the latest CMS open data release published on the CERN Oopen Data portal. Samples of collision and simulated datasets were released together with detailed information about the data provenance. The associated data production chains cover the necessary computing environments, the configuration files and the computational procedures used in each data production step. We describe data curation techniques used to obtain and publish the data provenance information and we study the possibility of reproducing parts of the released data using the publicly available information. The present work demonstrates the usefulness of releasing selected samples of raw and primary data in order to fully ensure the completeness of information about the data production chain for the attention of general data scientists and other non-specialists interested in using particle physics data for education or research purposes.In this paper we present the latest CMS open data release published on the CERN Oopen Data portal. Samples of collision and simulated datasets were released together with detailed information about the data provenance. The associated data production chains cover the necessary computing environments, the configuration files and the computational procedures used in each data production step. We describe data curation techniques used to obtain and publish the data provenance information and we study the possibility of reproducing parts of the released data using the publicly available information. The present work demonstrates the usefulness of releasing selected samples of raw and primary data in order to fully ensure the completeness of information about the data production chain for the attention of general data scientists and other non-specialists interested in using particle physics data for education or research purposes.Peer reviewe

Non-standard neutrino interactions in IceCube

Non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) may arise in various types of new physics. Their existence would change the potential that atmospheric neutrinos encounter when traversing Earth matter and hence alter their oscillation behavior. This imprint on coherent neutrino forward scattering can be probed using high-statistics neutrino experiments such as IceCube and its low-energy extension, DeepCore. Both provide extensive data samples that include all neutrino flavors, with oscillation baselines between tens of kilometers and the diameter of the Earth. DeepCore event energies reach from a few GeV up to the order of 100 GeV - which marks the lower threshold for higher energy IceCube atmospheric samples, ranging up to 10 TeV. In DeepCore data, the large sample size and energy range allow us to consider not only flavor-violating and flavor-nonuniversal NSI in the μ−τ sector, but also those involving electron flavor. The effective parameterization used in our analyses is independent of the underlying model and the new physics mass scale. In this way, competitive limits on several NSI parameters have been set in the past. The 8 years of data available now result in significantly improved sensitivities. This improvement stems not only from the increase in statistics but also from substantial improvement in the treatment of systematic uncertainties, background rejection and event reconstruction

TXS 0506+056 with Updated IceCube Data

Past results from the IceCube Collaboration have suggested that the blazar TXS 0506+056 is a potential source of astrophysical neutrinos. However, in the years since there have been numerous updates to event processing and reconstruction, as well as improvements to the statistical methods used to search for astrophysical neutrino sources. These improvements in combination with additional years of data have resulted in the identification of NGC 1068 as a second neutrino source candidate. This talk will re-examine time-dependent neutrino emission from TXS 0506+056 using the most recent northern-sky data sample that was used in the analysis of NGC 1068. The results of using this updated data sample to obtain a significance and flux fit for the 2014 TXS 0506+056 "untriggered" neutrino flare are reported

Searching for IceCube sub-TeV neutrino counterparts to sub-threshold Gravitational Wave events

Since the release of the Gravitational Wave Transient Catalogue GWTC-2.1 by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration, sub-threshold gravitational wave (GW) candidates are publicly available. They are expected to be released in real-time as well, in the upcoming O4 run. Using these GW candidates for multi-messenger studies complement the ongoing efforts to identify neutrino counterparts to GW events. This in turn, allows us to schedule electromagnetic follow-up searches more efficiently. However, the definition and criteria for sub-threshold candidates are pretty flexible. Finding a multi-messenger counterpart via archival studies for these candidates will help to set up strong bounds on the GW parameters which are useful for defining a GW signal as sub-threshold, thereby increasing their significance for scheduling follow-up searches. Here, we present the current status of this ongoing work with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. We perform a selection of the sub-threshold GW candidates from GWTC-2.1 and conduct an archival search for sub-TeV neutrino counterparts detected by the dense infill array of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, known as "DeepCore". For this, an Unbinned Maximum Likelihood (UML) method is used. We report the 90% C.L. sensitivities of this sub-TeV neutrino dataset for each selected sub-threshold GW candidate, considering the spatial and temporal correlation between the GW and neutrino events within a 1000 s time window

Galactic Core-Collapse Supernovae at IceCube: “Fire Drill” Data Challenges and follow-up

The next Galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) presents a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to make astrophysical measurements using neutrinos, gravitational waves, and electromagnetic radiation. CCSNe local to the Milky Way are extremely rare, so it is paramount that detectors are prepared to observe the signal when it arrives. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, a gigaton water Cherenkov detector below the South Pole, is sensitive to the burst of neutrinos released by a Galactic CCSN at a level >10σ. This burst of neutrinos precedes optical emission by hours to days, enabling neutrinos to serve as an early warning for follow-up observation. IceCube\u27s detection capabilities make it a cornerstone of the global network of neutrino detectors monitoring for Galactic CCSNe, the SuperNova Early Warning System (SNEWS 2.0). In this contribution, we describe IceCube\u27s sensitivity to Galactic CCSNe and strategies for operational readiness, including "fire drill" data challenges. We also discuss coordination with SNEWS 2.0

All-Energy Search for Solar Atmospheric Neutrinos with IceCube

The interaction of cosmic rays with the solar atmosphere generates a secondary flux of mesons that decay into photons and neutrinos – the so-called solar atmospheric flux. Although the gamma-ray component of this flux has been observed in Fermi-LAT and HAWC Observatory data, the neutrino component remains undetected. The energy distribution of those neutrinos follows a soft spectrum that extends from the GeV to the multi-TeV range, making large Cherenkov neutrino telescopes a suitable for probing this flux. In this contribution, we will discuss current progress of a search for the solar neutrino flux by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory using all available data since 2011. Compared to the previous analysis which considered only high-energy muon neutrino tracks, we will additionally consider events produced by all flavors of neutrinos down to GeV-scale energies. These new events should improve our analysis sensitivity since the flux falls quickly with energy. Determining the magnitude of the neutrino flux is essential, since it is an irreducible background to indirect solar dark matter searches