Tailed Radio Galaxies as Probes of Cluster Physics in the Square Kilometre Array Era

In recent years, the use of tailed radio galaxies as environmental probes has gained momentum as a method for galaxy cluster detection, examining the dynamics of individual clusters, measuring the density and velocity flows in the intra-cluster medium, and for probing cluster magnetic fields. To date instrumental limitations in terms of resolution and sensitivity have confined this research to the local (z < 0.7) Universe. The advent of SKA-1 surveys however will allow detection of well over 1 million tailed radio galaxies and their associated galaxy clusters out to redshifts of 2 or more. This is in fact ten times more than the current number of known clusters in the Universe. Such a substantial sample of tailed galaxies will provide an invaluable tool not only for detecting clusters, but also for characterizing their intra-cluster medium, magnetic fields and dynamical state as a function of cosmic time. In this paper we present an analysis of the usability of tailed radio galaxies as tracers of dense environments extrapolated from existing deep radio surveys such the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, in URSI GASS (XXXIth) held 16-23 August 2014, Beijing, China. Published as AIP Conference Proceeding

Cutaneous tuberculosis (scrofuloderma) in a five year-old boy: Case report

Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) is a rare form of extrapulmonary TB in our region. The incidence of CTB seems to be increasing in some countries. CTB continues to be one of the most elusive and difficult diagnoses to make for dermatologists practicing in developing countries. We report the case of a five-year-old boy with an infected discharging ulcer on his face referred to our hospital in Gorgan, north of Iran. After physical, pathological and radiological examination, the diagnosis of CTB was confirmed. The condition improved after standard antitubercular regimen

EFFECTS OF ADDING VITAMIN B TO DICLOFENAC ON KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS PAINS

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent chronic disorders. Several pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches have been used to treat knee osteoarthritis. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of adding vitamin B to Diclofenac on pain due to knee osteoarthritis . Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was carried out on 73 patients with knee osteoarthritis referred to the Rheumatology and Orthopedics clinics of Shahrekord University of Medical sciences in 2013. The patients underwent treatment with oral Diclofenac plus oral vitamin B (38 patients), or oral Diclofenac plus placebo (35 patients). Pain was measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and morning stiffness and physical functioning were measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) before treatment, and 14 and 21 days after treatment. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, T-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Findings: The visual analogue WOMAC mean score for knee pain, overall pain severity, stiffness of knee joint, and function in the last 48 hours significantly decreased in both groups from the first to third measurement. Decrease in overall pain severity, function in the last 48 hours and stiffness of knee joint scores in vitamin B group was more than Diclofenac group. Decrease in knee pain VAS was similar in both groups. Patient satisfaction was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: With regards to the results, it seems that vitamin B supplement is useful for the treatment of osteoarthritis symptoms

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Comparative effectiveness of B and E vitamins with diclofenac in reducing pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent chronic disorders. Several pharmacological and non pharmacological approaches are used to treat this disease. Today, the effect of B and E vitamins on rheumatology diseases is being discussed. In this study, the efficacy of B and E vitamins accompanied with diclofenac on pain relief in patients with knee osteoarthritis was investigated and compared. Methods: In this double-blinded clinical trial, 120 patients with knee osteoarthritis referring training Rheumatology and Orthopedics Clinic of Shahrekord University of Medical sciences were investigated. Of these patients, 12 were excluded throughout the study. The patients underwent treatment in three groups (oral diclofenac + oral B vitamin, oral diclofenac + oral vitamin E, and oral diclofenac + placebo). Pain relief was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire and morning stiffness and physical function were assessed by WOMAC standard questionnaire at three times; the first examination, two weeks, and three weeks after referring. Results: The mean score of WOMAC questionnaire at VASs of knee pain, total pain severity, knee joint stiffness, and function of the last 48 hours decreased significantly in all three groups (diclofenac, E and B vitamins) from the first to third examination (P<0.001). Decrease in VAS of knee pain and function of the last 48 hours was higher in B vitamin group than the diclofenac and E vitamin group (P=0.008) and decrease in total pain severity was reported higher in B vitamin group than E vitamin and diclofenac group (P=0.019). Decrease in knee joint stiffness underwent a similar trend in the three groups. Conclusion: In view similar analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as very few, non prevalent complications of B and E vitamins, use of two or more drugs with a different mechanism of effect seems necessary to enhance their effect on osteoarthritis treatmen

Anatomical Parameters Associated with Osteoarthritis of the Knee Joint

Background & aim: Throughout the world, half of the people over 70 years of age suffer from knee osteoarthritis and detection of the factors associated with this disease is important. The present study was conducted to examine the association of knee joint anatomic parameters with osteoarthritis occurrence. Methods: In the present observational-comparative study, ninety-four patients with joint osteoarthritis as case group and 106 healthy individuals as control group were enrolled from Orthopedic Clinic of Shahrekord Hospital into the study for comparison. Anatomical parameters such as tibial plateau tilt, Cam effect, and tibial plateau coverage by femoral condyles were calculated by using radiographic findings and compared between two groups. The data were analyzed by SPSS software 16 using chi-square and Pearson correlation Results: Tibial plateau tilt values in patients with osteoarthritis of knee (11.9±3.4°) was significantly higher than the control group (10.2±1.9 °) (p<0.001). Cam effect in patients with osteoarthritis (1.8 ± 0.1) was higher than control group (1.7± 0.1) (p< 0.001). Index of tibial plateau articular surface occupied by condyles of femur in patients with osteoarthritis were 2/3±9/51% and 1/2±1/50% in the control group respectively (p<001/0).Tibial plateau coverage was identified in patients with osteoarthritis equal to 51.9 ± 3.2% and in the control group 50.1±2.1%. These parameters were not associated with each other, as well as age and gender (p>0.05). Conclusion: Anatomic parameters under study could be used to predict osteoarthritis occurrence in healthy individuals