Tip-Based Warrantless Searches and Seizures Under the Rubric of the InvestigativeDetention Exception to the Warrant Requirement: What Law EnforcementPersonnel Must Understand About Exclusion and Training

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized

Tip-Based Warrantless Searches and Seizures Under the Rubric of the InvestigativeDetention Exception to the Warrant Requirement: What Law EnforcementPersonnel Must Understand About Exclusion and Training

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized

Reactions of isonitriles with [Fe₃(CO)₁₂] and [Ru₃(CO)₁₂] monitored by electrospray mass spectrometry: structural characterisation of [Fe₃(CO)₁₀(CNPh)₂] and [Ru₄(CO)₁₁(μ₃-η²-CNPh)₂(CNPh)]

The reactions of [Fe₃(CO)₁₂] or [Ru₃(CO) ₁₂] with RNC (R=Ph, C₆H₄OMe-p or CH₂SO₂C₆H₄Me-p) have been investigated using electrospray mass spectrometry. Species arising from substitution of up to six ligands were detected for [Fe₃(CO)₁₂], but the higher-substituted compounds were too unstable to be isolated. The crystal structure of [Fe₃(CO)₁₀(CNPh)₂] was determined at 150 and 298 K to show that both isonitrile ligands were trans to each other on the same Fe atom. For [Ru₃(CO)₁₂] substitution of up to three COs was found, together with the formation of higher-nuclearity clusters. [Ru₄(CO)₁₁(CNPh)₃] was structurally characterised and has a spiked-triangular Ru₄ core with two of the CNPh ligands coordinated in an unusual μ₃-η² mode. The substitution reactions of [M₃(CO)₁₂] by RNC have been investigated by electrospray mass spectrometry showing up to six COs can be replaced. [Fe₃(CO)₁₀(CNPh)₂] has both PhNC axially on the same Fe atom, and [Ru₄(CO)₁₁(μ₃-η²-CNPh)₂(CNPh)] has a spiked-triangular cluster core with two PhNC ligands in an unusual coordination mode

Platinum(II), palladium(II), nickel(II), and gold(I) complexes of the “electrospray-friendly” thiolate ligands 4-SC₅H₄N- and 4-SC₆H₄OMe-

The series of platinum(II), palladium(II), and nickel(II) complexes [ML₂(dppe)] [M = Ni, Pd, Pt; L = 4-SC₅H₄N or 4-SC₆H₄OMe; dppe = Ph₂PCH₂CH₂PPh₂] containing pyridine-4-thiolate or 4-methoxybenzenethiolate ligands, together with the corresponding gold(I) complexes [AuL(PPh3)], were prepared and their electrospray ionization mass spectrometric behavior compared with that of the thiophenolate complexes [M(SPh)₂(dppe)] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) and [Au(SPh)(PPh₃)]. While the pyridine-4-thiolate complexes yielded protonated ions of the type [M + H]+ and [M + 2H]²+ ions in the Ni, Pd, and Pt complexes, an [M + H]+ ion was only observed for the platinum derivative of 4-methoxybenzenethiolate. Other ions, which dominated the spectra of the thiophenolate complexes, were formed by thiolate loss and aggregate formation. The X-ray crystal structure of [Pt(SC₆H₄OMe-4)₂(dppe)] is also reported

Homelessness in Minnesota: Detailed Findings from the 2018 Minnesota Homeless Study

The Minnesota Homeless Study, conducted every three years by Wilder Research, is a point-in-time study aimed at better understanding homelessness in Minnesota. The study is the most comprehensive source of descriptive information about homeless adults, youth, and children in the state, and is intended to equip readers with the data needed to improve housing programs and policies, address systemic problems, and ultimately eliminate homelessness in Minnesota.This summary provides a snapshot of the numbers of people who were homeless in Minnesota in 2018 and findings from face-to-face interviews conducted on October 25, 2018, with 4,181 adults experiencing homelessness throughout Minnesota

Varying Influences of Aldosterone on the Plasma Potassium Concentration in Blacks and Whites

BACKGROUND: Aldosterone acts to restrain the extracellular potassium (K+) concentration. Blacks have on average lower plasma aldosterone concentrations (PACs) than Whites. Whether this ethnic difference is associated with similar changes in the concentration of K+ is unclear. METHODS: Subjects were Blacks and Whites from an observational study of blood pressure regulation. PAC was known to be significantly lower in Blacks than Whites. We sought to test the hypothesis that the concentration of K+ remains constant despite variability in PAC. Initial enrollment took place in childhood in 1986. Some of the original enrollees were studied again in adulthood: 160 healthy Blacks and 271 healthy Whites (ages 5 to 39 years; all were studied as children and as adults). RESULTS: Plasma renin activity [a biomarker of angiotensin II and, more proximally, extracellular fluid volume (ECFV)] and PAC were lower in Blacks (P < 0.0354 and P < 0.001, respectively, for all ages). At the same time no ethnic difference in levels of K+ was observed regardless of age. Plasma K+ concentration and PAC associated differently based on ethnicity: PAC increased in Blacks by 1.5-2.0 and in Whites by 2.3-3.0 ng/dl per mmol/l increase in K+ (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Lower aldosterone levels in Blacks did not translate into higher K+ concentrations. We speculate that reaching the right concentration of K+ was an endpoint of aldosterone production in the presence of varying levels of ECFV and angiotensin II