Effects of optic flow when spontaneouly accelerating towards the walk-to-run transition

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MRI diagnosis of carpal boss and comparison with radiography

Background: A carpal boss is a potentially painful bony mass in the region of the second or third carpometacarpal joint. The combination of clinical examination and radiography is usually sufficient for the diagnosis. Purpose: To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the quadrangular joint can assist the diagnosis of persistent pain near a carpal boss. Material and Methods: Fifty-seven patients with a carpal boss were retrospectively reviewed using MRI and conventional radiographs and compared to an asymptomatic control group. Results: MRI demonstrated a variable morphology and a variety of bone and soft tissue abnormalities associated with carpal boss. Bone marrow edema around the quadrangular joint shows a significant correlation (Fisher's exact test: P< 0.001) and a positive correlation (Pearson's test r = 0.632, significant at the 0.01 level [two-tailed]) with a painful carpal boss. Conclusion: MRI offers detailed examination of bone and soft tissue abnormalities associated with a carpal boss. Local bone marrow edema strongly correlates with a painful carpal boss

Financing Quality Education for All

In OECD countries the average expenditure on primary and secondary education institutions is about 3.5% of GDP. The investment in education has large implications for economic development and the proper functioning of democratic institutions, as well as overall well-being. However, clear consensus and guidance on which system leads to the best educational outcomes is lacking. This volume describes the resource allocation for compulsory and special needs education for a selection of well-performing countries and regions on PISA tests. By studying the funding systems in well-performing countries and regions the authors identify the elements in the respective funding systems that are associated with best outcomes and have the ideal characteristics to pursue particular goals of education systems such as equity and efficiency. The funding methods of primary and secondary education as well as special needs education are covered

Candida albicans biofilm formation on peptide functionalized polydimethylsiloxane

In order to prevent biofilm formation by Candida albicans, several cationic peptides were covalently bound to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The salivary peptide histatin 5 and two synthetic variants (Dhvar 4 and Dhvar 5) were used to prepare peptide functionalized PDMS using 4-azido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-benzoic acid (AFB) as an interlinkage molecule. In addition, polylysine-, polyarginine-, and polyhistidine-PDMS surfaces were prepared. Dhvar 4 functionalized PDMS yielded the highest reduction of the number of C. albicans biofilm cells in the Modified Robbins Device. Amino acid analysis demonstrated that the amount of peptide immobilized on the modified disks was in the nanomole range. Poly-d-lysine PDMS, in particular the homopeptides with low molecular weight (2500 and 9600) showed the highest activity against C. albicans biofilms, with reductions of 93% and 91%, respectively. The results indicate that the reductions are peptide dependent

Voorbij de kroniek : over het belang van theatertijdschriften

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