Text-Independent Speaker Verification Using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks

In this paper, a novel method using 3D Convolutional Neural Network (3D-CNN) architecture has been proposed for speaker verification in the text-independent setting. One of the main challenges is the creation of the speaker models. Most of the previously-reported approaches create speaker models based on averaging the extracted features from utterances of the speaker, which is known as the d-vector system. In our paper, we propose an adaptive feature learning by utilizing the 3D-CNNs for direct speaker model creation in which, for both development and enrollment phases, an identical number of spoken utterances per speaker is fed to the network for representing the speakers' utterances and creation of the speaker model. This leads to simultaneously capturing the speaker-related information and building a more robust system to cope with within-speaker variation. We demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the traditional d-vector verification system. Moreover, the proposed system can also be an alternative to the traditional d-vector system which is a one-shot speaker modeling system by utilizing 3D-CNNs.Comment: Accepted to be published in IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) 201

Independence Structures on the Submodules of a Module

Two definitions of dimension of a module are each shown to be the rank of an independence structure on a certain set of submodules of the module. This applies to Varadarajan's dual Goldie dimension and to Fleury's spanning dimension; the dualization of the latter is also discussed

Integrated through -wafer optical monitoring of MEMS for closed -loop control

Current trends in many microelectronic systems show an increased use of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to perform a variety of tasks. The increased market for MEMS has led to microsystem technologies being employed in physically demanding environments and safety critical applications. This creates the need for higher degrees of certainty in MEMS operation, especially in systems that contain drive components operating under time varying load conditions. Situations such as these give rise to the need for detailed knowledge of the operational states of MEMS over the lifetime of the device, as well as device fault detection. Accurately obtaining this information by a means decoupled from the system shows the potential to further enable both complex and simple MEMS, and allows for the application of closed-loop control. Preliminary through-wafer optical monitoring research efforts have shown that through-wafer optical probing is suitable for characterizing and measuring the behavior of lateral harmonic oscillators.;This presentation will discuss research undertaken to establish integrated optical monitoring (IOM) for closed-loop control. Design of the optical microprobe setup, as well as device geometry, were completed to achieve a through-wafer optical signal with increased positional resolution and mechanical stability. Successful linear closed-loop control results achieved using the redesigned probe setup and devices will be presented. Increased displacement information in the optical output waveform is needed for the successful application of more robust, nonlinear control routines. Theoretical optical output field intensity studies are presented and compared with experimental output waveforms, showing a positional resolution of 2 pim using grating structures. Initial binary Fresnel diffractive optical microelement design layout, fabrication parameters, and testing results will be given as well for implementation of a fully integrated optical monitoring system

Through-wafer interrogation of MEMS device motion

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have been the focus of many research groups because of their wide variety of uses in sensing and actuation applications. A fundamental barrier facing designers of next generation MEMS is the inability to access accurate, real-time microstructure positional information to determine if the device is performing as expected. Previously explored optical and electrical methods of MEMS device monitoring are often only suitable for research environments, or are unable to produce clear and meaningful characterization of device motion. The most desirable MEMS monitoring method would be one that could be implemented at the device level, which would allow the monitoring system to be fabricated along with the device itself. This research explores a through-wafer method of optically monitoring and characterizing the motion of a lateral comb resonator fabricated using the Multi-User MEMS Process Service (MUMPS). Positional monitoring results obtained from a 1.3 mum wavelength through-wafer optical probe are presented, as well as a method of device level implementation of the monitoring system

Measurement of work group diversity

Whilst research on work group diversity has proliferated in recent years, relatively little attention has been paid to the precise definition of diversity or its measurement. One of the few studies to do so is Harrison and Klein’s (2007) typology, which defined three types of diversity – separation, variety and disparity – and suggested possible indices with which they should be measured. However, their typology is limited by its association of diversity types with variable measurement, by a lack of clarity over the meaning of variety, and by the absence of a clear guidance about which diversity index should be employed. In this thesis I develop an extended version of the typology, including four diversity types (separation, range, spread and disparity), and propose specific indices to be used for each type of diversity with each variable type (ratio, interval, ordinal and nominal). Indices are chosen or derived from first principles based on the precise definition of the diversity type. I then test the usefulness of these indices in predicting outcomes of diversity compared with other indices, using both an extensive simulated data set (to estimate the effects of mis-specification of diversity type or index) and eight real data sets (to examine whether the proposed indices produce the strongest relationships with hypothesised outcomes). The analyses lead to the conclusion that the indices proposed in the typology are at least as good as, and usually better than, other indices in terms of both measuring effect sizes and power to find significant results, and thus provide evidence to support the typology. Implications for theory and methodology are discussed

The impact of an innovative human resource function on firm performance: the moderating role of financing strategy

The current study examined the impact of the human resource function and financing strategy on the financial performance of 104 UK manufacturing firms. Hypotheses are drawn from a resource-based perspective on human resource management and a financial theory perspective on capital structure. Results show that an innovative HR function is significantly related to economic performance. However, the relationship between an innovative HR function and economic performance was moderated by the firm¿s financing strategy. Firms obtained higher returns from an innovative HR function when pursuing a low leveraging (debt) financing strategy, a finding consistent with modern finance theory notions that firmspecific strategic assets provide greatest value when financed primarily through equity as opposed to debt