1,554 research outputs found
Stewardship contracting for landscape-scale projects
Stewardship end-result contracting is a flexible set of contracting tools designed to help federal land management agencies and their partners restore public lands and provide local community benefits. Congress created a pilot stewardship-contracting program for the Forest Service in the late 1990s. In the FY 2003 Appropriation Bill (Section 323 of Public Law 108-7), Congress granted the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) the authority, until September 30, 2013, to enter into stewardship-contracting projects for as much as ten years duration. Stewardship contracting has become an increasingly important means for the Forest Service and BLM to undertake complex, long-term projects that seek to restore ecosystems, reduce fire hazard, strengthen or develop the infrastructure to utilize restoration byproducts, and create local economic benefits. Stewardship contracting is a relatively new set of tools, however, and specific contracting approaches are rapidly evolving. For that reason, lessons from one area can help other regions of the country identify approaches that best fit their circumstances
Know Your Land Program for South Dakota
A systematic study of the soil is the basic tool for determining the capabilities and limitations of land. Land judging is used to teach and promote a better understanding of soils through a study of the physical properties of the soil and to show how to use these properties in determining proper land use. Most of the characteristic. s that are used to identify soils can be determined in the field
Fermionic Zero Modes of Supergravity Cosmic Strings
Recent developments in string theory suggest that cosmic strings could be
formed at the end of brane inflation. Supergravity provides a realistic model
to study the properties of strings arising in brane inflation. Whilst the
properties of cosmic strings in flat space-time have been extensively studied
there are significant complications in the presence of gravity. We study the
effects of gravitation on cosmic strings arising in supergravity. Fermion zero
modes are a common feature of cosmic strings, and generically occur in
supersymmetric models. The corresponding massless currents can give rise to
stable string loops (vortons). The vorton density in our universe is strongly
constrained, allowing many theories with cosmic strings to be ruled out. We
investigate the existence of fermion zero modes on cosmic strings in
supergravity theories. A general index theorem for the number of zero modes is
derived. We show that by including the gravitino, some (but not all) zero modes
disappear. This weakens the constraints on cosmic string models. In particular,
winding number one cosmic D-strings in models of brane inflation are not
subject to vorton constraints. We also discuss the effects of supersymmetry
breaking on cosmic D-strings.Comment: 33 page
Fermion zero modes in N=2 supervortices
We study the fermionic zero modes of BPS semilocal magnetic vortices in N=2
supersymmetric QED with a Fayet-Iliopoulos term and two matter hypermultiplets
of opposite charge. There is a one-parameter family of vortices with
arbitrarily wide magnetic cores. Contrary to the situation in pure
Nielsen-Olesen vortices, new zero modes are found which get their masses from
Yukawa couplings to scalar fields that do not wind and are non-zero at the
core. We clarify the relation between fermion mass and zero modes. The new zero
modes have opposite chiralities and therefore do not affect the net counting
(left minus right) of zero modes coming from index theorems but manage to evade
other index theorems in the literature that count the total number (left plus
right) of zero modes in simpler systems.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure. Uses Revtex4. Revised version includes discussion
about the back-reaction of the fermions on the background vortex. Version to
be published in Phys. Rev.
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Chemistry of coal-related microparticles
A new type of electrodynamic balance was designed, constructed and applied to the study of the chemistry of macerals and the chemical reaction between CaO sorbent particles and SO[sub 2]. The single-particle device was coupled to a Raman spectrometer. With this balance a single electrically charged microparticle is suspended in visible and infrared laser beams by means of superposed ac and dc electrical fields. The apparatus was designed to permit gas flow through the chamber so that gas-solid and gas-liquid chemical reactions can be carried out. A visible laser beam was used to illuminate the particle for Raman and fluorescence measurements, and an infrared laser beam was used to heat the particle. An overview of the experimental system is presented in Figure 1. The levitated particles were heated from two sides using a CO[sub 2] laser operating at the infrared wavelength of 10.6 [mu]m. The optical system used to direct the heating laser beam to the target is shown in Figure 2. Infrared detectors indicated in Figure 1 were used to measure the particle temperature by two-color pyrometery. A new technique was explored to independently determine the particle temperature; the method involves measuring the ratio of the intensities of Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering signals. Although the method is not accurate near room temperature because of the weak and-Stokes signal at low temperatures, the method appears promising for high temperature measurement, and complements the pyrometry method. Optical pyrometry is quite suitable for black body emitters, but for the metal oxides of interest here, optical pyrometry was found to be less satisfactory than an alternate method
Management of type 1 diabetes with a very lowâCarbohydrate diet: A word of caution
The public often looks to nutrition to improve health, and reporting on nutrition findings from the scientific literature in the popular media often reveals unproven benefits. Lennerz et al present data collected via an online community and conclude that exceptional glycemic control in type 1 diabetes with a low risk for adverse events is possible with a VLCD, and research is needed to confirm the generalizability of these findings. Although it may be true that a VLCD can be useful, we find the study of Lennerz et al to fall well short of the level of scientific evidence that merits the media and professional attention it seems to have garnered
Non-equilibrium Goldstone phenomenon in tachyonic preheating
The dominance of the direct production of elementary Goldstone waves is
demonstrated in tachyonic preheating by numerically determining the evolution
of the dispersion relation, the equation of state and the kinetic power spectra
for the angular degree of freedom of the complex matter field. The importance
of the domain structure in the order parameter distribution for the
quantitative understanding of the excitation mechanism is emphasized. Evidence
is presented for the very early decoupling of the low-momentum Goldstone modes.Comment: 14 LaTeX pages, 5 figures, version published in Phys. Rev.
Finite temperature scaling theory for the collapse of Bose-Einstein condensate
We show how to apply the scaling theory in an inhomogeneous system like
harmonically trapped Bose condensate at finite temperatures. We calculate the
temperature dependence of the critical number of particles by a scaling theory
within the Hartree-Fock approximation and find that there is a dramatic
increase in the critical number of particles as the condensation point is
approached.Comment: Published online [6 pages, 3 figures
Drum vortons in high density QCD
Recently it was shown that high density QCD supports of number of topological
defects. In particular, there are U(1)_Y strings that arise due to K^0
condensation that occurs when the strange quark mass is relatively large. The
unique feature of these strings is that they possess a nonzero K^+ condensate
that is trapped on the core. In the following we will show that these strings
(with nontrivial core structure) can form closed loops with conserved charge
and currents trapped on the string worldsheet. The presence of conserved
charges allows these topological defects, called vortons, to carry angular
momentum, which makes them classically stable objects. We also give arguments
demonstrating that vortons carry angular momentum very efficiently (in terms of
energy per unit angular momentum) such that they might be the important degrees
of freedom in the cores of neutron stars.Comment: 11 pages, accepted for publication in Physical Review
Magnetic monopoles from gauge theory phase transitions
Thermal fluctuations of the gauge field lead to monopole formation at the
grand unified phase transition in the early Universe, even if the transition is
merely a smooth crossover. The dependence of the produced monopole density on
various parameters is qualitatively different from theories with global
symmetries, and the monopoles have a positive correlation at short distances.
The number density of monopoles may be suppressed if the grand unified symmetry
is only restored for a short time by, for instance, nonthermal symmetry
restoration after preheating.Comment: 5 pages, updated to match the version published in PRD
(http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRD/v68/e021301) on 11 July 200
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