Magnitude of Urban Poverty Worldwide

<div><p>(Data sources: [<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030339#pmed-0030339-b014" target="_blank">14</a>,<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030339#pmed-0030339-b015" target="_blank">15</a>])</p> <p>The unit for the y axis is millions.</p> <p>Popn, population; UN, United Nations.</p></div

Causes of Neonatal Mortality in India (Adapted from [1])

<p>Causes of Neonatal Mortality in India (Adapted from [<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030339#pmed-0030339-b001" target="_blank">1</a>])</p

Components of interventions and key features of controlled trials of community-based approaches to improve newborn survival.

a<p>Intervention 2 added liquid crystal thermometry by community health workers.</p>b<p>Rate ratio.</p>c<p>Comparison was pre-post intervention, not intervention-control.</p><p>CI, confidence interval; RCT, randomised controlled trial.</p

Abuse reported by 661 adult female clients, 2001–2006.

a<p>We define abuse as emotional, physical, sexual <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000088#pmed.1000088-Government1" target="_blank">[1]</a>, or economic; assuming that sexual abuse implies physical abuse, and that both imply emotional abuse.</p

Centre for Vulnerable Women and Children intervention model.

<p>Centre for Vulnerable Women and Children intervention model.</p

Modelling collective action to change social norms around domestic violence: social dilemmas and the role of altruism

Interventions promoting collective action have been used to prevent domestic violence in a range of settings, but their mechanisms of operation remain unclear. We formalise and combine feminist theoretical approaches to domestic violence into a game-theoretic model of women’s collective action to change gendered social norms and outcomes. We show that social norms create a social dilemma in which it is individually rational for women to abstain from action to prevent domestic violence among neighbours, but all women suffer negative consequences if none take action. Promoting altruism among women can overcome the social dilemma. Discouraging women from tolerating domestic violence, imposing additional external punishment on men for perpetrating violence, or lowering costs to women of taking action against violence may not work or even backfire. We invite researchers on community mobilisation to use our framework to frame their understandings of collective action to prevent domestic violence

Maternity as a life event, components of care with potential effects on newborn survival, and 11 possible delivery strategies.

<p>Maternity as a life event, components of care with potential effects on newborn survival, and 11 possible delivery strategies.</p

Issues underlying consultation, for 661 adult female clients, 2001–2006.

<p>Categories are not mutually exclusive since clients often identified more than one problem.</p

Routes by which women in crisis approached the Centre, 2001–2006.

<p>Routes by which women in crisis approached the Centre, 2001–2006.</p

Percentage of births in facilities by wealth quintile in urban and rural populations; examples of countries in each typology.

<p>Percentage of births in facilities by wealth quintile in urban and rural populations; examples of countries in each typology.</p