Chronogram of the Labridae family

This file contains the consensus chronogram of the Labridae family in the nexus format

Chronogram of the Chaetodontidae family

This file contains the consensus chronogram of the Chaetodontidae family in the nexus forma

Chronogram of the Pomacentridae familiy

This file contains the consensus chronogram of the Pomacentridae family in the nexus format

Taxonomic and functional diversity at local and regional scale.

<p>Local (mean α) and regional (γ) components are expressed as equivalent number of species (mean±SD), of taxonomic (circles) and functional (squares) diversities computed on community composition (white) or abundance structure (black) for temporal and spatial strata. The grey triangles represent species richness.</p

Appendix B. Computation of the functional diversity indices.

Computation of the functional diversity indices

Projecting the Impact of Regional Land-Use Change and Water Management Policies on Lake Water Quality: An Application to Periurban Lakes and Reservoirs

<div><p>As the human population grows, the demand for living space and supplies of resources also increases, which may induce rapid change in land-use/land-cover (LULC) and associated pressures exerted on aquatic habitats. We propose a new approach to forecast the impact of regional land cover change and water management policies (i.e., targets in nutrient loads reduction) on lake and reservoir water eutrophication status using a model that requires minimal parameterisation compared with alternative methods. This approach was applied to a set of 48 periurban lakes located in the Ile de France region (IDF, France) to simulate catchment-scale management scenarios. Model outputs were subsequently compared to governmental agencies’ 2030 forecasts. Our model indicated that the efforts made to reduce pressure in the catchment of seepage lakes might be expected to be proportional to the gain that might be obtained, whereas drainage lakes will display little improvement until a critical level of pressure reduction is reached. The model also indicated that remediation measures, as currently planned by governmental agencies, might only have a marginal impact on improving the eutrophication status of lakes and reservoirs within the IDF region. Despite the commitment to appropriately managing the water resources in many countries, prospective tools to evaluate the potential impacts of global change on freshwater ecosystems integrity at medium to large spatial scales are lacking. This study proposes a new approach to investigate the impact of region-scale human-driven changes on lake and reservoir ecological status and could be implemented elsewhere with limited parameterisation. Issues are discussed that relate to model uncertainty and to its relevance as a tool applied to decision-making.</p></div

Additional file 1: of Combining six genome scan methods to detect candidate genes to salinity in the Mediterranean striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus)

Appendix S1. Supplementary methods: sequence filtering and SNPs calling. Fig. S1. PCoA of the 47 sites computed using the Nei genetic distance. Fig. S2. Histogram showing the distribution of MAF per SNPs for the 47 sites. Table S1. Number of raw reads and filtered data for each sequenced library. Table S2. Parameters used in SNPs calling with UNEAK and Stacks. Table S3. Additional information on the sampling sites. (DOCX 284 kb

Lineage-through-time plots.

<p>Shown for (a) the backbone raw dated phylogeny; (b) adding species represented by at least two congeners in the backbone; (c) adding species represented by at least one congener; (d) adding species represented by a member of its family and (e) adding species represented by a member of its order. We also show with dashed red lines important biogeographic events: PT =  peak temperatures during the Cenomanian (93–100 Mya); KP =  Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction some 65 Mya; MSC =  Messinian Salinity Crisis (7–5 Mya).</p

Statistics obtained under the four null-models (Figure 2) for the taxonomic <i>ß_TA</i> and functional <i>ß</i>-diversity indices (<i>ß_FC</i> and <i>ß_FA</i>).

<p>Values represent the percentage of strata in which p-values indicate that the observed <i>ß</i>-diversity is significantly lower (−), not significantly (ns) different and significantly higher (+) than expected under the corresponding null hypothesis.</p

Relationship between total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads and catchment size in lakes and reservoirs (data from [61]–[67]).

<p>Relationship between total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads and catchment size in lakes and reservoirs (data from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0072227#pone.0072227-SDRIF1" target="_blank">[61]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0072227#pone.0072227-Aspinall1" target="_blank">[67]</a>).</p