Genotypicdata of eleven strains for sixty SSLP markers

Genepop forma

General pedigree chart of <i>X</i>. <i>tropicalis</i> strains.

<p>Frogs facing left represent the <i>Ivory Coast</i> strain and those facing right are <i>Nigerian</i> strains. Frogs colored black indicate strains used in this study. The arrows and figures next to frogs indicate transportation of animals and the years when those were held (if there is a record).</p

Pairwise <i>D</i>_A (below the diagonal) and <i>D</i>_ps (above the diagonal) distances among <i>X</i>. <i>tropicalis</i> colonies.

<p>Pairwise <i>D</i>_A (below the diagonal) and <i>D</i>_ps (above the diagonal) distances among <i>X</i>. <i>tropicalis</i> colonies.</p

Basic genotypic data of 60 SSLP markers in eleven <i>X</i>. <i>tropicalis</i> colonies.

<p>Abbreviations: <i>P</i>, proportion of polymofic loci; <i>N</i>_A, number of alleles; <i>H</i>_E, expected heterozygosity; <i>F</i>, fixation index (i.e., inbreeding coefficient).</p

Plot of expected heterozygosity (<i>H</i>_E) against generation number (<i>t</i>).

<p>The curved dotted strain indicates theoretical reduction of heterozygosity via single brother-sister matings for every generation, calculated from the following equation: </p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><mi>H</mi>E</p><mo>=</mo><p><mi>H</mi><mn>0</mn></p><p></p><p></p><p><mo>(</mo></p><p><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo></p><p><mn>1</mn></p><p></p><p></p><p><mn>2</mn><mi>N</mi></p>e<p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><mo>)</mo><p></p><p></p><mi>t</mi><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>, where <i>H</i>₀ is the heterozygosity of the founder colony, and <i>N</i>e is effective population size (i.e., number of individuals that contribute to breeding). <i>H</i>_E of F0 of <i>N</i> (Gurdon Inst.) (0.509) and 2 are used for <i>H</i>₀ and <i>N</i>e, respectively. Open rectangles indicate mean <i>H</i>_E estimated from individual based simulation using VORTEX version 10 [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0133963#pone.0133963.ref043" target="_blank">43</a>]. During simulation, allele frequencies of <i>N</i> (Gurdon Inst.) were used as initial allele frequency, and single brother-sister mating was conducted in every generation. The simulation was repeated one hundred times. Bar indicates standard deviation.<p></p

Observed distribution of pairwise <i>r</i> estimates among <i>X</i>. <i>tropicalis</i> strains.

<p>Box plots represent the distribution of relatedness values (<i>r</i>) of each strain. Mean and SD values are described in the parentheses below the labels.</p

genotypic data of seven strains of Xenopus tropicalis

data in genepop format

Neighbor joining trees and comparison of the control region structures of mitochondrial genomes.

<p>(A) Neighbor joining trees of the strains based on genetic distances (<i>D</i>_A) of SSLP data (left) and p-distance of mitochondrial haplotypes (2,328 nucleotide sites) (right). Numbers on branches indicate percent bootstrap probability (>50%). The values for SSLP tree are given in order for <i>D</i>_A/<i>D</i>_PS. (B) Comparison of the control region structures of mitochondrial genomes. Structures of the control region and alignments of identified putative origin of H-strand replication (O_H), conserved sequence blocks (CSB-1-3), and repeat motifs are shown. (C) Neighbor joining tree of the strains and wild individuals based on p-distance of mitochondrial haplotypes (1,109 nucleotide sites).</p