3,720 research outputs found
High spectral resolution of GaAs/AlAs phononic cavities by subharmonic resonant pump-probe excitation
We present here precise measurement of the resonance frequency, lifetime and
shape of confined acoustic modes in the tens of GHz regime in GaAs/AlAs
superlattice planar and micropillar cavities at low temperature (). The subharmonic resonant pump-probe technique, where the
repetition rate of the pump laser is tuned to a subharmonic of the cavity
resonance to maximize the amplitude of the acoustic resonance, in combination
with a Sagnac interferometer technique for high sensitivity () to the surface displacement, has been used. The cavity
fundamental mode at and the higher order cavity
harmonics up to have been clearly resolved. Mechanical
Q-values up to have been measured in a planar superlattice,
and direct spatial mapping of confined acoustic modes in a superlattice cavity
micropillar has been demonstrated. The Q-frequency product obtained is demonstrating the suitability of these superlattice cavities
for optomechanical applications.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
L'enfant "riche": oublié des droits de l'enfant?
La Convention relative aux droits de lâenfant, adoptĂ©e en 1989 par lâOrganisation des Nations Unies assure aux enfants des droits, notamment ceux dâĂȘtre protĂ©gĂ©s contre toute forme de violence, dâĂȘtre entendus et dâexprimer leur opinion sur toute question les concernant, et dâĂȘtre traitĂ©s dans la dignitĂ© sans discrimination de race, de sexe ou autre considĂ©ration sociale. Les catĂ©gories dâenfants, situĂ©es aux extrĂȘmes de lâĂ©chiquier social sont plus exposĂ©es au risque de voir leurs droits bafouĂ©s, comme cela a bien Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ© pour les enfants vivant dans une grande pauvretĂ©. LâidĂ©e peut paraĂźtre saugrenue, mais des risques comparables existent-ils aussi pour les enfants les plus riches ? RĂ©pondre Ă cette question est lâobjectif de ce travail
Fingerprinting stress: stylolite and calcite twinning paleopiezometry revealing the complexity of progressive stress patterns during folding-the case of the Monte Nero anticline in the Apennines, Italy
In this study we show for the first time how quantitative stress estimates can be derived by combining calcite twinning and stylolite roughness stress fingerprinting techniques in a fold-and-thrust belt. First, we present a new method that gives access to stress inversion using tectonic stylolites without access to the stylolite surface and compare results with calcite twin inversion. Second, we use our new approach to present a high-resolution deformation and stress history that affected Meso-Cenozoic limestone strata in the Monte Nero Anticline during its late Miocene-Pliocene growth in the Umbria-Marche Arcuate Ridge (northern Apennines, Italy). In this area an extensive stylolite-joint/vein network developed during layer-parallel shortening (LPS), as well as during and after folding. Stress fingerprinting illustrates how stress in the sedimentary strata did build up prior to folding during LPS. The stress regime oscillated between strike slip and compressional during LPS before ultimately becoming strike slip again during late stage fold tightening. Our case study shows that high-resolution stress fingerprinting is possible and that this novel method can be used to unravel temporal relationships that relate to local variations of regional orogenic stresses. Beyond regional implications, this study validates our approach as a new powerful toolbox to high-resolution stress fingerprinting in basins and orogens combining joint and vein analysis with sedimentary and tectonic stylolite and calcite twin inversion techniques
Measuring the distortion of time with relativistic effects in large-scale structure
To test the theory of gravity one needs to test, on one hand, how space and
time are distorted by matter and, on the other hand, how matter moves in a
distorted space-time. Current observations provide tight constraints on the
motion of matter, through the so-called redshift-space distortions, but they
only provide a measurement of the sum of the spatial and temporal distortions,
via gravitational lensing. In this Letter, we develop a method to measure the
time distortion on its own. We show that the coming generation of galaxy
surveys, like the Square Kilometer Array, will allow us to measure the
distortion of time with an accuracy of 10-30\%. Such a measurement will be
essential to test deviations from General Relativity in a fully
model-independent way. In particular, it can be used to compare the spatial and
temporal distortions of space-time, that are predicted to be the same in
CDM but generically differ in modified theories of gravity.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, 2 table
Magnetization dynamics: path-integral formalism for the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation
We construct a path-integral representation of the generating functional for
the dissipative dynamics of a classical magnetic moment as described by the
stochastic generalization of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation proposed by
Brown, with the possible addition of spin-torque terms. In the process of
constructing this functional in the Cartesian coordinate system, we critically
revisit this stochastic equation. We present it in a form that accommodates for
any discretization scheme thanks to the inclusion of a drift term. The
generalized equation ensures the conservation of the magnetization modulus and
the approach to the Gibbs-Boltzmann equilibrium in the absence of non-potential
and time-dependent forces. The drift term vanishes only if the mid-point
Stratonovich prescription is used. We next reset the problem in the more
natural spherical coordinate system. We show that the noise transforms
non-trivially to spherical coordinates acquiring a non-vanishing mean value in
this coordinate system, a fact that has been often overlooked in the
literature. We next construct the generating functional formalism in this
system of coordinates for any discretization prescription. The functional
formalism in Cartesian or spherical coordinates should serve as a starting
point to study different aspects of the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of magnets.
Extensions to colored noise, micro-magnetism and disordered problems are
straightforward.Comment: 47 pages + appendix, published versio
Criteria for the verification of feature models
Product Line (PL) based development is a promising approach to develop software intensive systems. Experience already report multiple benefits, such as reduced time to market, better reuse, and reduced development costs. PL modelling languages, in particular to create feature models (FMs), and PL configuration processes are now supported by market tools. Although there is a wealth of research works on the theme of FM verification, there is to our knowledge no comprehensive method, technique or tool. However, it is crucial that when verifying a FM, the right criteria are considered: any error in a FM will inevitably spread to the configured software and generate PL architecture stability issues, with a serious risk of undermining the expected benefits. Dealing with key issues such as selecting the 'right' set of verification criteria or defining a small core of criteria from which all other could be derived calls for a consistent definition of all the criteria. This paper presents an original literature survey of FM verification criteria in which all the criteria are (i) classified according to their purpose and (ii) formalized consistently using first order logic
Prosociality and the pandemic: adolescents from poorer backgrounds suffered more
Camille Terrier (University of Lausanne/LSE), Daniel L Chen (CNRS) and Matthias Sutter (Max Planck Institute) look at how COVID infections affected adolescentsâ prosociality, an essential non-cognitive skill. The prosociality gap between students with high and low socio-economic status has doubled
Patientsâ and healthcare professionalsâ perceived facilitators and barriers for shared decision-making for frail and elderly patients in perioperative care:A scoping review
Deriving Product Line Requirements: the RED-PL Guidance Approach
Product lines (PL) modeling have proven to be an effective approach to reuse
in software development.Several variability approaches were developed to plan
requirements reuse, but only little of them actuallyaddress the issue of
deriving product requirements.This paper presents a method, RED-PL that intends
to support requirements derivation. The originality ofthe proposed approach is
that (i) it is user-oriented, (ii) it guides product requirements elicitation
andderivation as a decision making activity, and (iii) it provides systematic
and interactive guidance assistinganalysts in taking decisions about
requirements. The RED-PL methodological process was validatedin an industrial
setting by considering the requirement engineering phase of a product line of
blood analyzers
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