35 research outputs found
Egzosomi i preeklampsija
Egzosomi su oblik izvanstaniÄnih vezikula promjera 40ā100nm. Stanice ih oslobaÄaju egzocitozom i omeÄeni su fosfolipidnim dvoslojem. Osnovni zadatak im je prijenos informacija u meÄustaniÄnoj komunikaciji, pa igraju znaÄajnu ulogu u fiziologiji i etiopatogenezi mnogih patoloÅ”kih stanja i bolesti. Posteljica otpuÅ”ta Å”iroku lepezu razliÄitih egzosoma u cirkulaciju trudnice. Zbog veliÄine lako prolaze u njenu sistemsku cirkulaciju izazivajuÄe razliÄite bioloÅ”ke uÄinke. PotiÄu imunoloÅ”ke i ine procese koji spadaju u opseg āfizioloÅ”ke adaptacije žene na trudnoÄuā. UkljuÄeni su u patofizioloÅ”ku podlogu preeklampsije, odstupanja fetalnog rasta, spontanog pobaÄaja, prijevremenog poroÄaja, gestacijskog dijabetesa i drugih poremeÄaja trudnoÄe. U ovom su pregledu predstavljene osnovne znaÄajke egzosoma te utjecaj na fiziologiju i patologiju Äovjeka, neovisno i u kontekstu trudnoÄe. Poseban naglasak je stavljen na moguÄu povezanost egzosoma s nastankom i razvojem preeklampsije. Rezultati istraživanja u ovom podruÄju su fascinantni i obeÄavajuÄi, ali ujedno nedostatni i nekonzistentni da bi se za sada mogli primijeniti u svakodnevnoj kliniÄkoj praksi
The Impact of Quality and Safety Management System on the Marine Enviroment Pollution and Ship Losses in Marine Industry
Promet je jedno od najpodrobnije normiranih podruÄja u ljudskoj djelatnosti na svjetskoj razini. To se posebno odnosi na pomorstvo, za koje veÄinu norma donosi MeÄunarodna pomorska organizacija (IMO), specijalizirana agencija Ujedinjenih naroda (UN-a). Älanice IMO-a, tj. sve zemlje ukljuÄene u pomorski promet, imaju obvezu primjenjivati ratificirane norme na brodovima Å”to viju njihove zastave. Istu obvezu imaju sve druge organizacije na kopnu na koje se norme odnose. U devedesetim je godinama XX. stoljeÄa postotak pomorskih nesreÄa/gubitaka brodova na svjetskoj razini iznosio viÅ”e od 0,2%. Mnoge zainteresirane strane (javnost, osiguravajuÄa druÅ”tva, sindikati, brodovlasnici, vlasnici tereta) nisu bile zadovoljne razmjerima te pojave. Odgovor IMO-a bio je da se, uz zagovaranje provedbe pojaÄanoga inspekcijskog nadzora Å”irom svijeta, obvezno normiraju zahtjevi za uvoÄenje sustava upravljanja kvalitetom i sigurnoÅ”Äu na svim razinama pomorske industrije. Nakon primjene donesenih norma i provedbe pojaÄanoga inspekcijskog nadzora, postotak se pomorskih nesreÄa/gubitaka brodova postupno smanjio na manje od 0,1%. Na osnovi toga zakljuÄuje se da je uspostavljanje sustava upravljanja kvalitetom i sigurnoÅ”Äu u pomorskom prijevozu znatno utjecalo na smanjenje nesreÄa pa time i na gubitake ljudskih života, smanjenje oneÄiÅ”Äavanja okoliÅ”a i gubitaka brodova i tereta.Transportation is one of the most standardized areas of human activities worldwide known. This is especially true in the marine transportation area, with the majority of standards regulated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), a specialized United Nations (UN) Agency. IMO members, i. e. all countries involved in the marine transportation, have an obligation to follow and enforce all ratified codes on ships under their respective flags. All others organizations ashore have the same obligations covered by those codes. The percentage of marine accidents/ship losses in the 1990s totaled over 0,2%, and many interested parties (public, insurance companies, unions, ship-owners, cargo owners) expressed dissatisfaction with those indicators. IMOās response was, along with advocating a more intense worldwide inspection oversight standardization of the requests for quality and safety management system introduction, spanning on all levels of marine transportation. Following the accepted code the implementation and intensification of inspections, the percentage of marine accidents/ship losses has been reduced below 0,1%. Based on that data, an assessment has been made that the marine transportation has greatly benefited from the implementation of Quality and Safety Management Systems and managed to reduce the number of accidents, and the reduction of loss of lives, environment pollution and ship and cargo losses accordingly
Postoji li razlika u perinatalnom ishodu jednoplodnih i blizanaÄkih trudnoÄa nakon medicinski potpomognute oplodnje
The aim of the study was to compare perinatal outcome of singleton and twin pregnancies conceived after assisted reproductive technologies (ART ). This retrospective study included singleton and twin pregnancies conceived after ART in the period from January 1, 2007 until December 31, 2008. The study variables were maternal age (years), parity, body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), week (ā¤366/7 and ā„37) and mode of delivery (vaginal and cesarean section), birth weight (grams) and APGAR score (ā¤7; 8-10). During the study period, there were 195 pregnancies after ART that fulfilled inclusion criteria. We found no between-group difference in parity (Ļ2=0.0133; P=0.9081), but such difference was found in mean age (t=2.0486; p=0.0419) and BMI (Ļ2=31.038; P=0.001). A statistically significant difference was recorded in preterm delivery rate (Ļ2=25.539; P=0.001), average duration of pregnancy (t=12.8591; p=0.001), average birth weight (t=10.5446; P=0.001) and mode of delivery (Ļ2=13,691; P=0.001). A statistically significant difference was found in low birth weight babies (Ļ2=102.02; P=0.001) and APGAR score (Ļ2=19.96; P=0.001), but there was no difference in the prevalence of small for gestational age babies (Ļ2=0.90629; P=0.635). In conclusion, this study indicated the perinatal outcome after ART to be considerably poorer in twins than in singletons.Cilj ove studije bio je istražiti razliku u perinatalnom ishodu jednoplodnih i blizanaÄkih trudnoÄa nakon medicinski potpomognute oplodnje (MPO). Ispitana je medicinska dokumentacija jednoplodnih i blizanaÄkih trudnoÄa u žena koje su rodile živoroÄenu djecu nakon MPO u dvogodiÅ”njem razdoblju u Klinici za ženske bolesti i porode, KBC Split, od 1. sijeÄnja 2007. do 31. prosinca 2008. godine. Istraživane varijable bile su dob, paritet, indeks tjelesne mase (kg/m2), navrÅ”eni tjedan poroda (prijevremeni ā¤366/7 i terminski ā„37), naÄin dovrÅ”etka poroÄaja (vaginalno i carski rez), poroÄajna masa djeteta (grami), trofiÄnost djeteta (hipertrofiÄno, eutrofiÄno i hipotrofiÄno) i APGAR zbroj novoroÄenÄeta (ā¤7, 8-10). U promatranom razdoblju 195 trudnica je rodilo nakon neke od metoda MPO. IzmeÄu rodilja s jednoplodnom i blizanaÄkom trudnoÄom koje su zanijele nekom metodom MPO nije bilo razlike u paritetu (Ļ2=0,0133; P=0,9081), dok su razlike pronaÄene u prosjeÄnoj dobi (t=2,0486; p=0,0419) i indeksu tjelesne mase (Ļ2=31,038; p=0,001). StatistiÄki znaÄajna razlika naÄena je u uÄestalosti prijevremenog poroda (Ļ2=25,539; P=0,001), prosjeÄnom trajanju trudnoÄe (t=12,8591; p=0,001) i prosjeÄnoj porodnoj masi djece (t=10,5446; P=0,001). BlizanaÄke trudnoÄe u usporedbi s jednoplodnim trudnoÄama nakon MPO ÄeÅ”Äe se dovrÅ”avaju carskim rezom (Ļ2=13,691; P=0,001). PronaÄena je statistiÄki znaÄajna razlika izmeÄu istraživanih skupina u raÄanju djece niske porodne mase (<2500 g) (Ļ2=102,02; P=0,001) i APGAR zbroju novoroÄenÄadi (Ļ2=19,96; P=0,001). Nije bilo statistiÄki znaÄajne razlike u uÄestalosti raÄanja hipotrofiÄne djece izmeÄu istraživanih skupina (Ļ2=0,90629; P=0,635). U zakljuÄku, perinatalni ishod nakon MPO je loÅ”iji u blizanaÄkih nego u jednoplodnih trudnoÄa
Diskordantni rast u dikorionskih blizanaca i rizik prijevremenog poroÄaja
The aim was to determine whether discordant twin growth has an impact on preterm birth in dichorionic pregnancies. This retrospective study included dichorionic twin pregnancies in the period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015. The following variables were investigated: maternal age (years), parity, body mass index (kg/m2), week (ā¤366/7 and ā„37) and mode of delivery (vaginal and cesarean section), birth weight (grams) and Apgar score (ā¤7, 8-10). Discordant twin growth in dichorionic pregnancies was found to be associated with preterm birth (Ļ2=4.74; p=0.03) but had no impact on the mode of delivery (Ļ2=0.119; p=0.73). There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of small for gestational age (SGA) neonates (Ļ2=16.4556; p=0.000267) and Apgar score (Ļ2=7.9931; p<0.05) between the study groups. Mode of conception in dichorionic pregnancies was not a risk factor for preterm delivery (Ļ2=1.417; p=0.23). In conclusion, discordant twin growth in dichorionic pregnancies is a risk factor for preterm delivery and has no impact on the mode of delivery but has an impact on the rate of SGA and Apgar score.Cilj istraživanja je bio ustanoviti ima li diskordantni rast blizanaca u dikorionskim blizanaÄkim trudnoÄama utjecaja na pojavnost prijevremenog poroÄaja. U studiju su ukljuÄene dikorionske blizanaÄke trudnoÄe u razdoblju od 1. sijeÄnja 2013. do 31. prosinca 2015. Istraživane varijable su bile majÄinska dob (godine), paritet, indeks tjelesne mase (kg/m2), naÄin po-roÄaja (vaginalno i carski rez), poroÄajna masa (grami) i zbroj APGAR (ā¤7, 8-10). U blizanaÄkim trudnoÄama s diskordantnim rastom bila je veÄa uÄestalost prijevremenog poroÄaja (Ļ2=4,74; p=0,03), ali nije bilo razlike u naÄinu dovrÅ”etka trudnoÄe ĀizmeÄu istraživanih skupina (Ļ2=0,119; p=0,73). UtvrÄena je statistiÄki znaÄajna razlika u pojavnosti hipotrofiÄne djece (Ļ2=16,4556; p=0,000267) i zbroju APGAR (Ļ2=7,9931; p<0,05) izmeÄu istraživanih skupina. NaÄin zanoÅ”enja u dikorionskim trudnoÄama nije bio Äinitelj rizika za prijevremeni poroÄaj u istraživanim skupinama (Ļ2=1,417; p=0,23). ZakljuÄno, diskordantni rast blizanaca u dikorionskim trudnoÄama predstavlja Äinitelj rizika za prijevremeni poroÄaj, hipotrofiju novoroÄenÄadi i niži zbroj APGAR, ali nema utjecaja na naÄin dovrÅ”etka trudnoÄe
Effect of Parental Anthropometric Parameters on Neonatal Birth Weight and Birth Length
Data on 550 healthy pregnant women, 550 healthy fathers and their healthy term neonates born from singleton pregnancies
(37+0 through 41+6 week) during a one-year period were reviewed. Maternal mean age was 27.79.37 years,
mean pregestational weight 64.09.50 kg, mean gestational weight gain 15.44.33 kg, mean height 169.75.81 cm, and
mean gestational age 40.10.95 weeks. Paternal mean age was 31.46.22 years, mean weight 84.610.35 kg, and mean
height 182.86.84 cm. Mean birth weight was 3,709.8500.48 g and 3,562.5443.02 g, and mean birth length 51.51.91
cm and 50.71.62 cm in male and female newborns, respectively, yielding a birth weight greater by 147.3 g and birth
length by 0.8 cm in the former. Study variables showed statistically significant correlations: maternal age contributed to
the significant correlation between maternal weight and parity, maternal pregestational weight, weight at delivery, gestational
weight gain and body height correlated significantly with neonatal birth weight and birth length, gestational
age correlated significantly with neonatal weight and length (p=0.01 all), parity had no major impact (p>0.05). Paternal
height and weight correlated significantly with neonatal birth weight and birth length (p=0.01). Study results pointed
to a significant correlation of maternal pregestational weight, gestational weight gain and body height, and of paternal
weight and height with the neonate birth weight and birth length
Premature ovarian insufficiency
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a clinical syndrome defined as the loss of ovarian activity before the age of 40. POI is a life-changing diagnosis, with profound physical and psychological consequences. Spontaneous POI affects approximately 1% of women under the age of 40. However, the rising incidence of iatrogenic POI is of increasing concern. POI is a heterogeneous, multifactorial disorder, and in the majority of cases the etiology is unknown. The diagnosis of POI is based on the presence of amenorrhea and of an elevated gonadotropin level. Hormone replacement therapy should be used at least until the average age of menopause to alleviate the symptoms of hypoestrogenism and to prevent severe long term consequences especially those of cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. The treatment of these women should be coordinated by a multidisciplinary team. Women with POI should be informed that there is a small chance of spontaneous pregnancy. IVF with donor oocytes represents the highest chance for pregnancy in these patients. Further research is needed to identify the population in risk in a timely manner and to find mechanisms that can prolong, recover, or preserve ovarian function
Ishod trudnoÄa s poviÅ”enim rizikom za kromosomopatije ploda prema biokemijskom testu probira i s urednim kariogramom
Cilj rada: Retrospektivnim istraživanjem analizirati perinatalni ishod u trudnica s poviŔenim rizikom za trisomiju 21., 18. i 13. kromosoma, prema trostrukom biokemijskom testu probira u kojih je nakon rane amniocenteze dobiven uredan kariogram ploda.
Ispitanici: Sve trudnice kod kojih je trostruki biokemijski test probira na kromosomopatije ploda pokazao visoki rizik (1 : 250) upisane u Protokol trostrukog biokemijskog testa probira za kromosomopatije ploda neposredno nakon pojedine ispitanice.
Rezultati: U ispitivanom razdoblju napravljeno je 2933 trostrukih testova. Nakon svih 2666 (90,9%) niskoriziÄnih testova uslijedio je poroÄaj zdravih plodova. Od 267 (9,1%) visokoriziÄnih testova, RACZ je provedena u 188 trudnica (71,2%). Ostalih 79 (29,5%) se usprkos izraÄunatom poviÅ”enom riziku nije odluÄilo na invazivnu dijagnostiku. PatoloÅ”ki kariogram dokazan je u tri trudnice (1,6%), dok je 185 (98,4%) s urednim nalazom predstavljalo osnovu za formiranje ispitivane skupine. Kompletne i podudarne podatke smo naÅ”li u 60 (32,4%) ispitanica. Trudnice u ispitivanoj skupini su prosjeÄno ranije pristupale biokemijskom trostrukom testu (15,7 +/- 1,02 vs. 16,1 +/- 0,88 tjedana p < 0,001). Usporedbom vrijednosti pojedinih hormona ispitivane i kontrolne skupine, pronaÄena je statistiÄka znaÄajnost i razlika svih sastavnica trostrukog testa prema koncentracijama, kao i vrijednostima iskazanim kroz MoM. Nije dokazana statistiÄki znaÄajna razlika prema uÄestalosti gestacijskog dijabetesa, preeklampsije i prijevremenog poroÄaja. Kod ispitanica je carski rez bio ÄeÅ”Äi naÄin dovrÅ”enja poroÄaja s graniÄnom statistiÄkom znaÄajnoÅ”Äu. Udio hospitalizirane novoroÄenÄadi u ispitivanoj skupini bio je znaÄajno veÄi (55% vs. 40,5%; p < 0,036), a prosjeÄno trajanje boravka dulje (10 (1-48) vs. 7 (4-24) dana; p < 0,006).
ZakljuÄak: Nismo dokazali povezanost visokoriziÄnog nalaza trostrukog biokemijskog testa drugog tromjeseÄja u trudnica s urednim kariogramom ploda s kasnijom pojavom poremeÄaja trudnoÄe. UÄestalost carskog reza u ispitivanoj skupini bila je gotovo dvostruko veÄa, ali graniÄne statistiÄke znaÄajnosti. NovoroÄenÄad majki visokoriziÄnog nalaza trostrukog biokemijskog testa drugog tromjeseÄja i urednog kariograma, znaÄajno su ÄeÅ”Äe hospitalizirana u jedinici intenzivnog lijeÄenja, uz prosjeÄno dulji boravak
MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF NORWAY SPRUCE (Picea abies L., H. Karst.) IN DIFFERENT pH SOLUTIONS
U radu su prikazni rezultati morfloÅ”kih znaÄajki klijanaca obiÄne smreke (Picea abies L., H. Karst.) u razliÄitim pH otopinama. Sjeme je tretirano s 10 razliÄitih pH otopina, u rasponu pH od 1,5 do 6,0 (poveÄanje svakih 0,5). Vodene otopine prireÄene su susljednim razrjeÄivanjem ishodne, koncentrirane sumporne kiseline (H2SO4) i ultraÄiste vode (<18 MΩ cm). Za kontrolu je koriÅ”tena ultraÄista voda. Ispitivanje je provedeno u laboratoriju prema uvjetima koje propisuje ISTA (International Seed Testing Association).U tri navrata (7, 14 i 21 dan) obavljena je procjena klijanaca u skladu s pravilima ISTA. Digitalnim fotoaparatom fotografirani su svi nepravilni klijanci. IzraÄen je katalog sa slikom i opisom nepravilnih klijanaca s obzirom na pH otopine. Rezultati ovog istraživanja od velike su koristi za razumijevanje morfologije klijanaca kod prirodne obnove smrekovih Å”uma u promijenjenim ekoloÅ”kim uvjetima (kisele kiÅ”e, zakiseljavanje tala). Osim dobrog uroda, preduvjet uspjeÅ”ne prirodne obnove smrekovih Å”uma izmeÄu ostaloga su i pravilni klijanci.The paper presents the results of morphological properties of Norway spruce (Picea abies L., H. Karst.) seedlings in various pH solutions. The seed was treated with 10 different pH solutions with pH ranging from 1.5 to 6.0 (increase at every 0.5). Water solutions were prepared by sequential dilution of the original concentrated sumporic acid (H2SO4) and the ultrapure water (<18 MΩ cm). The ultrapure water was used for the control. The testing was carried out in the laboratory in line with the ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) prescribed conditions. The evaluation of seedlings was performed on three occasions (days 7, 14 and 21) according to the ISTA rules. A digital camera was used to photograph all abnormal seedlings. A catalogue was made containing photographs and decriptions of abnormal seedlings with respect to pH solutions. The results of this research help understand the seedling morphology present during natural regeneration of Norway spruce forests in altered ecological conditions (acid rains, soil acidification). Besides a good yield, the prerequisite for a successful natural regeneration of Norway spruce forests are normal seedlings