EVALUATION DE SYSTEMES DE PRODUCTION INNOVANTS INSCRITS EN AGRICULTURE DURABLE : LE CAS DES SYSTEMES BOVINS HERBAGERS DU HAUT-BOCAGE POITEVIN

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5International audienceSince 1990, farmers of Poitou's Haut-Bocage (center West of France) have set up cattle grassland systems based upon André Pochon‘s Britain example and largely based on grazing of temporary grass-clover pastures. Adapted by farmers' groups to the specific pedoclimatic conditions of this region, these innovative systems create high value added by important cost savings, in complete contrast to the main agricultural development in the region, aiming at increasing work productivity thanks to the growth of production per hectare and per worker. The effects of grassland systems implementation in this region are appraised by using the concept of production system and the methods of project's assessment (comparison of a grassland scenario and a counterfactual scenario), from standpoint of both farmers and the whole national economy. The results of the differential between this two scenarios point out that farmers benefit from higher incomes and less working load and that, between 1990 and 2009, this implementation allowed net national income increase, 50% more farmers' job creation and a better labour remuneration in all the sectors. These less subsidized cattle grassland systems, characterized by a higher social and environmental viability, also allowed to cut down public expenditures

Régulation de l’accès aux parcours et évolution des systèmes pastoraux en Mongolie

Cet article effectue la synthèse d’analyses-diagnostics de systèmes pastoraux réalisés dans différentes régions de Mongolie. L’approche comparative permet de montrer que les changements intervenus depuis la décollectivisation menacent la durabilité des systèmes pastoraux : l’absence de régulation de l’accès aux parcours rend possible un accroissement rapide des effectifs d’animaux et les inégalités d’accès aux parcours d’hiver viennent s’ajouter aux disparités économiques et sociales entre éleveurs. La mise en place d’une action collective pour une gestion concertée des parcours semble possible, mais à la seule condition que les éleveurs en aient les moyens et y aient intérêt, ce qui suppose des conditions économiques plus favorables que pourraient encourager les pouvoirs publics.This paper is based on field research on pastoral systems in diverse areas throughout Mongolia. The comparative approach allows to demonstrate that the changes taking place since decollectivisation threaten the sustainability of Mongolia pastoral systems : the pasture-land management regulation is weakened, which allows the increase of herds. Inequities for the access to winter pastures have appeared, adding to growing economic and social disparities. Self-governance at local scale for the regulation of land-pasture management is possible, but only if herders have interest in and are able to afford to limit the size of their herd, which suppose more favourable conditions that could be promoted by Mongolian government

Les systèmes herbagers économes. Une alternative de développement agricole pour l’élevage bovin laitier dans le Bocage vendéen ?

L’accroissement de la productivité du travail dans les systèmes bovins laitiers du Bocage vendéen a été basé depuis les années 1950 sur la réduction du pâturage, aujourd’hui souvent devenu mineur, au profit de l’utilisation de fourrages stockés, maïs fourrage notamment. Depuis 1990, à rebours de cette évolution générale, certains agriculteurs ont développé des systèmes de production dont le fonctionnement est centré sur le pâturage de prairies temporaires associant graminées et légumineuses. Cet article s’intéresse aux conditions d’émergence, au fonctionnement et aux perspectives des différents systèmes de production de la région et montre, grâce à la comparaison de leurs résultats économiques, que ces systèmes herbagers relevant de l’agro-écologie sont intensifs en création de richesse et dégagent un revenu élevé par hectare et par actif, moins dépendant des subventions.Since the 1950’s, the growth of labour productivity in the dairy production systems in the center west of France has been based on the reduction of grazing, often of short duration in the forage systems, thanks to a greater recourse to forage store and particularly maize silage. Since 1990, contrary to this evolution, some farmers have set up dairy-cattle grassland production systems, largely based on grazed temporary grass-legumes pastures. This paper focuses on the development conditions of such systems, and on the functioning and economic results of the different production systems in the area. The comparison of the economic results shows that these grassland dairy production systems based on agro-ecology are intensive in value added creation and get high income per hectare and per worker, less dependent of subsidies

L’agriculture comparée, une discipline de synthèse ?

Cet article se propose de montrer comment, à partir des prémices posées par René Dumont, cette approche de l’agriculture s’est peu à peu consolidée, précisée et construite, pour finalement constituer une discipline scientifique à part entière, avec ses méthodes et ses concepts propres. Surtout portée par des agronomes, l’agriculture comparée s’appuie sur les méthodes et résultats de l’agronomie mais intègre également les résultats de disciplines appartenant aux sciences sociales, comme l’histoire et la géographie agraires ainsi que l’économie rurale. Par les trois niveaux d’analyse qu’elle privilégie, celui de la parcelle ou du troupeau, niveau d’observation des pratiques, celui de l’unité de production, niveau d’intégration des différents systèmes de culture et systèmes d’élevage, et celui de la région ou du pays, niveau pertinent d’application du concept de système agraire, l’agriculture comparée invite aux changements d’échelle autant qu’à une démarche comparatiste visant à rendre intelligibles les transformations de l’agriculture dans le monde.This article proposes to explain the development of this approach to understanding farming, which began with René Dumont’s groundbreaking work, and has since been reinforced, made more precise, and has been constructed to the point where it finally has become a scientific field in its own right, having its own methodology and concepts. A field that mostly concerns agronomists, Comparative Agriculture is based on agronomy’s methods and results, but equally involves the social sciences such as history, agrarian geography, as well as rural economics. Three levels of analysis are employed: the plot or herd level where practices are observed; the production unit level, within which the different cropping and herding systems are integrated with one another; and the regional or country level to which the application of the concept of the agrarian system pertains. By using these three different levels of analysis, Comparative Agriculture allows as much for switching scales as for a comparative approach aiming to make sense out of agricultural transformations around the world

An integrative multi‐scale approach to regional agriculture to support the assessment and benefit of pest‐regulation services delivered by biodiversity

Ecology is first of all a scientific discipline, with its body of theories and methods, and a constant renewal of its main specific fields and principles. In that regard, Ecology is not different from the other scientific disciplines and produces an increasing number of outstanding publications on both fundamental and applied grounds. Ecology can produce highly theoretical works, which is essential, but Ecology can be -and even moremust be an applied science. Currently, practical applications of Ecology for the benefits of our societies have become more numerous and increasingly urgent. ‘Interactions’, sensu lato, are at the very heart of Ecology which makes it by definition THE science of Biodiversity. Beyond the knowledge of how Life has appeared and developed, Ecology can provide the basis for the preservation of Biodiversity and ensure its management is relevant and efficient into the future. By being more integrative and global, Ecology could establish itself as the cornerstone of sustainable development. In this beginning of the 21st century, the influence of Ecology will inevitably grow and play a key role for Planet Earth and human well-being. Sfécologie2016, an International Conference on ecological sciences would not have taken place without 2 years of hard work from the staff of my Institute (IMBE). That is thus with a real pleasure that we welcome you today in Marseille. (Thierry TATONI IMBE Director

La politique alimentaire des Etats-Unis, une politique forte et novatrice du Ministère de l’Agriculture

National audienc

Red River Delta: Fifty Years of Change

Vietnam’s population is currently about 79 million with nearly a third of the working population still occupied by farming. Agriculture stands for 30% of the gross domestic product and competes for 38% of exports, with rice placing first among farm products. After having experienced years of chronic food deficit and the need for relying on rice imports, starting in 1989 rice production increased dramatically in Vietnam and since then the country has exported surpluses to the world market, equ..

Politique agricole et politique alimentaire : des liens à renforcer ?

International audienc

La politique alimentaire des Etats-Unis : un lien fort et original avec la politique agricole

Académie d’Agriculture de France, séance du 8 octobre 201