Investigation of aliphatic hydrocarbons in red mullet (Mullus barbatus) and European hake (Merluccius merluccius) fish caught from the Edremit Bay (Western Turkey)

In this study, aliphatic hydrocarbon levels were investigated in red mullet and european hake fish caught by trawler from Edremit Bay (Western Aegean, Turkey) in spring and autumn 2015. For this purpose, trawling was carried out from 3 different regions of the Edremit Bay in both seasons. As a result of the analyzes, total aliphatic hydrocarbon (TAH) levels in red mullet were found to be higher than that of european hake. TAH concentrations found for red mullet were in the range of 456-2090 ng/g, while it was found in the range of 61-746 ng/g for european hake. In general, TAH concentrations in red mullet were higher than that of european hake for both seasons. In addition, EOM amounts were found higher in red mullet like TAH. According to correlation, cluster and primary component analysis results, it was observed that the compounds affecting TAH levels in red mullet are C11 and C12 aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds, while european hake have C15, C17 and Pristane compounds. These results indicate that the source of aliphatic hydrocarbons in Edremit Bay fish is biogenic in european hake samples, although not exact, it may be petrogenic in red mullet samples

Aliphatic hydrocarbons in coastal sediments of the Northern Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean)

The sources and spatial distributions of aliphatic hydrocarbon concentrations were investigated in surficial sediments of the Northern Cyprus (Gemi Konagi, Girne and Gazi Magusa Areas). Aliphatic hydrocarbon levels were determined with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Total aliphatic hydrocarbon (n-alkanes, Sigma 25; isoprenoids, Sigma 2) concentrations in the sediments were found in the range of 1107-6360 ng/g. Results indicated that the sediments were mainly dominated by odd numbered n-alkanes (n-C10-n-C34), maximizing at n-C17, n-C29 and n-C31. Statistical analyses and diagnostic ratios have been used to determine the possible sources and origins of aliphatic hydrocarbons. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were showed biogenic character at all sampling areas and were found mainly originated from terrestrial, marine and both terrestrial-marine plants at Gemi Konagi, Gazi Magusa and Girne, respectively

İzmir Körfezi'nden seçilen balık türlerinde alifatik ve polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbon seviyelerinin değerlendirilmesi

Bu tezde İzmir Körfezi'nden trolle yakalanmış olan barbun (Mullus barbatus) ve isparoz (Diplodus annularis) balıklarında ilk defa detaylı olarak polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbonlar (PAHs) ve alifatik hidrokarbonlar analiz edilmiştir. Körfezde sıklıkla bulunması ve tüketilmesi nedeniyle bu türler seçilmiştir. Örnekler trolle körfezdeki beş bölgeden 2000-2001 ve 2004-2005 yıllarında mevsimsel olarak toplanmış ve analiz edilmiştir. Naftalen polisiklik aromatic hidrokarbonlar içinde en baskın bileşiktir. Barbundaki PAH ve alifatik hidrokarbon konsantrasyonları isparozdan daha yüksek bulunmuştur. PAH konsantrasyonları barbun ve isparoz balıklarında sırasıyla 202-556 ile 78,7-415 ng/g, alifatik hidrokarbonlar ise 834-2420 ile 436-1724 ng/g kuru ağırlık aralığında ölçülmüştür. İzmir Körfezi'ndeki balıklarda ölçülmüş olan PAHs ve alifatik hidrokarbonların kaynaklarını belirlemek amacıyla moleküler oranlar kullanılmış olup PAHs'ın pirolitik, alifatiklerin ise biyojenik ve antropojenik kaynaklı olduğu bulunmuştur. Balıkların çoğunluğunda kanserojenik özelliği olan Benzo(a)Piren bileşiği 22,2 ile 64,1 ng/g kuru ağırlık aralığında ölçülmüştür. Yapılan istatiksel analiz sonucunda ekstrakte edilebilen organic madde ile PAHs ve alifatik hidrokarbonların arasında bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Barbun ve isparozda zamana bağlı olarak alifatik hidrokarbon konsantrasyonlarında anlamlı bir değişim bulunmaz iken barbunda PAH konsantrasyonlarında zamana bağlı anlamlı bir değişim ANOVA testi ile saptanmıştır. İzmir Körfezi'ndeki PAH kirlenmesi orta seviyededir. Sonuçlar insan sağlığı için doğru bir yaklaşım ve risk değerlendirmesi açısından sistematik olarak izlenmenin gerekliliğini işaret etmektedir. In this thesis, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aliphatic hydrocarbons were analyzed in red mullet (Mullus barbatus) and in annular sea bream (Diplodus annularis) from Izmir Bay (Eastern Aegean). This is the first time that a complete set of such data has been collected and evaluated. These species were selected because of they are common, widely distributed and eaten. They were sampled by trawling and analyzed seasonally in 2000-2001 and in 2004-2005 at five locations. Naphthalene was found to be the dominant PAH. Red mullet showed higher concentrations of PAHs and aliphatics than annular sea bream. PAH levels in red mullet ranged from 202 to 556 ngg-1dw and in annular sea bream from 78.7 to 415; aliphatics levels ranged from 834 to 2420 and from 436 to 1724 ngg-1dw, respectively. The molecular ratios, used to identify sources of PAHs and aliphatics in fish of the Izmir Bay, showed pyrolitic inputs for PAHs, but biogenic and anthropogenic inputs for aliphatics. Carcinogenic Benzo(a)Pyrene was detected in most fish samples at levels between 22.2 and 64.1 ngg-1dw. Statistical analysis showed no correlation of PAHs and aliphatics regarding extractable organic matter (HEOM). No significant temporal, inter-species, differences for total aliphatics was shown by the ANOVA test; a significant, temporal, PAHs difference was detected for red mullet. The average Izmir Bay PAH contamination level was within the ?moderate? category. Results indicate the need for systematic monitoring of the study area, in order to provide accurate assessment and risk management for human health

Distribution of Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Red Mullet (Mullus barbatus) and Annular Sea Bream (Diplodus annularis) from the Izmir Bay (Eastern Aegean)

Polycyclic aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons were analyzed in red mullet and annular sea bream from the Izmir Bay. These fishes were selected because of their multitude, wide distribution and common use in the Turkish diet; they were sampled and analyzed in 2000-2001 and 2004-2005 periods at five locations by trawling. Red mullet showed higher PAHs and aliphatics than annular sea bream. PAH levels for red mullet and annular sea bream ranged from 202 to 556 and 78.7 to 415; aliphatics ranged from 834 to 2,420 and 436 to 1,724 ng/g dw, respectively. Molecular ratios showed pyrolitic inputs for PAHs, biogenic and anthropogenic inputs for aliphatics. The carcinogenic PAH, benzo(a)pyrene, was detected in most fish samples in levels ranged between 22.2 and 64.1 ng/g dw. The average PAH contamination level was within the "moderate" category in fish from Izmir Bay. Results indicate the needing of a systematic monitoring program in order to provide accurately assessment and management of risks for the regional population

Combined evaluation of multi-biomarkers and metal bioaccumulations in two different fish species (Sparus aurata and Chelon labrosus) from İzmir Bay, Türkiye (Aegean Sea): Spatial, temporal and tissue-specific approaches

Biomarkers were investigated to assess the effects of metal accumulation in Sparus aurata and Chelon labrosus in the İzmir Bay. Fish were collected from the Inner and Outer Bays in November 2020 and May 2021. According to the metal and biomarker measurements found in the organs, it was observed that the levels were higher in the liver and gill tissues than in the muscle tissues. Significant differences between tissues were found for all metals and biomarkers. In addition, biochemical biomarkers were found to be significant predictors of metal bioaccumulation. Histological changes were observed in liver and gills in each species and location. Although the metal levels determined according to the health risk assessment were below the threshold limits, the As levels for the lifetime cancer risk were within the limits to be considered. In conclusion, this study will provide robust results for its related study area