The Occurrence of the Polyphagous Predator Orius niger (Wolff) (Hemiptera, Anthocoridae) in Greece

Το αρπακτικό ημίπτερο Orius niger (Wolff) επισημάνθηκε για πρώτη φορά στην Ελλάδα σε φυτεία βιομηχανικής τομάτας στην περιοχή Βάγια Βοιωτίας κατά τις καλλιεργητικές περιόδους των ετών 1992 και 93. Το Ο. niger είναι κυρίως αρπακτικό θριπών και ιδιαίτερα του θρίπα των ανθέων (Frankliniella occidentalis (Perg.)). Είναι μικρό ημίπτερο, μήκους 1,2-2 mm και καστανόμαυρου χρώματος. Χαρακτηριστικό διάκρισης του από τα συγγενή του είδη Orius minutus L. και Orius majusculus (Renter) είναι ότι φέρει σε κάθε γωνία του προνώτου του μια ευδιάκριτη τρίχα. Επίσης διαφορές υπάρχουν στα εξαρτήματα (parameres) του γεννητικού οπλισμού των αρρένων ατόμων.[no abstract available

Population fluctuation of Phyllocnistis citrella and its parasi-toids in two citrus species in Western Crete (Greece)

Μελετήθηκαν η διακύμανση του πληθυσμού, το ποσοστό παρασιτισμού και η πληθυσμιακή σύνθεση των παρασιτοειδών του φυλλορύκτη των εσπεριδοειδών Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), ιθαγενών και εισαγόμενων, που βρέθηκαν σε δύο από τα σπουδαιότερα είδη εσπεριδοειδών που καλλιεργούνται στην Ελλάδα την πορτοκαλιά (Citrus sinensis) και τη μανταρινιά (Citrus reticulata). Η μελέτη πραγματοποιήθηκε το 1999 σε βιολογικό εσπεριδοειδώνα του νομού Χανίων. Από τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης προκύπτει ότι σημαντικά υψηλότερος πληθυσμός του φυλλορύκτη των εσπεριδοειδών ανευρέθηκε στην πορτοκαλιά σε σχέση με την μανταρινιά. Από τα πέντε είδη εξωτικών παρασιτοειδών (Citrostichus phyllocnistoides, Quadrastichus sp., Semielacher petiolatus, Ageniaspis citricola, και Cirrospilus quadristriatus), που είχαν στο παρελθόν εισαχθεί και εξαπολυθεί, βρέθηκαν στα δείγματα μόνο τα τρία πρώτα, εκ των οποίων σημαντικά πολυπληθέστερο βρέθηκε να είναι το C. phyllocnistoides σημειώνοντας τα υψηλότερα ποσοστά παρασιτισμού σε σχέση με τα υπόλοιπα. Το S. petiolatus όμως βρέθηκε σε μικρότερους πληθυσμούς σημειώνοντας σημαντικά χαμηλότερο ποσοστό παρασιτισμού σε σχέση με αυτό του C. phyllocnistoides. Αμφότερα τα παραπάνω εξωτικά είδη προτιμούν να παρασιτούν κυρίως προνύμφες 2ης και 3ης ηλικίας του φυλλορύκτη, γεγονός που πιθανώς οδηγεί σε ανταγωνισμό μεταξύ τους με αποτέλεσμα την επικράτηση του C. phyllocnistoides. Από τα δύο ιθαγενή παρασιτοειδή που ανευρέθησαν, τα Pnigalio pectinicornis και Neochrysocharis formosa, πολυπληθέστερο ήταν το πρώτο, ενώ η εν γένει δράση τους συνέβαλε ελάχιστα στη μείωση του πληθυσμού του φυλλορύκτη.Population fluctuation, percentage of parasitism and parasitoid species composition of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) were studied in a citrus orchard with orange and mandarin trees in Chania (Greece), in 1999, three years after the release of the in-troduced parasitoids Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Narayanan), Quadrastichus sp., Semielacher petiolatus (Girault), Cirrospilus quadristriatus (Subba Rao and Ramamani) and Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya. Results showed that significantly more P. citrella individuals per leaf were recorded on orange than on mandarin trees. Regarding the parasitoid complex composition, the exotic species C. phyllocnistoides, S. petiolatus and Quadrastichus sp., as well as the natives Pnigalio pectinicornis L. and Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood) were recorded. Among them, C. phyllocnistoides was the most abundant, followed by S. petiolatus. The average percentage of parasitism reached 17% and 22% on orange and mandarin, respectively

The effect of temperature on the development of Nephus includens (Kirsch) and Nephus bisignatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), predators of Planococcus citri Risso (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

The effect of temperature οη the development of the predators Nephus includens (Kirsch) and Ν. bisignatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), was studied. The development time of immature stages and the pre-oviposition period of adult females for the two predators was recorded at eight constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32.5, 35 and 37.5°C). The beetles were reared on eggs, nymphs and female adults of Planococcus citri (Risso) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) that had developed on squash (Cucurbita pepo) and on sour orange leaves (CΊtrus aurantium). Using the linear model for the biological cycle of Ν. includens on squash and on sour orange leaves, the developmental zeros (lower temperature thresholds) were estimated to be 10.9 and 11.0°C respectively and the thermal constants, 490.5 and 472.8 day-degrees respectively. Using the Lactin model the lower thresholds were estimated to be 11.1 and 11.2°C respectively and the upper thresholds 36.1 and 36.0°C respectively. For the biological cycle of Ν. bisignatus, using the linear model, the lower thresholds were estimated to be 9.4°C on squash and 9.3°C on sour orange leaves and the thermal constants were 614.3 and 647.9 day-degrees respectively. Using the Lactin model the lower thresholds were estimated to be 9.9 and 1O.0°C respectively and the upper thresholds, 34.7 and 35.0°C respectively. The survival rate of Ν. includens in­stars at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32.5, 35 and 37.5°C on squash and on sour orange leaves was respectively 0.0, 34.9, 63.2, 70.6, 63.3, 54.5, 19.8, 0.0, and 0.0, 32.2, 61.0, 68.0, 68.3, 56.6, 17.6, 0.0%. The survival rate of Ν. bisignatus instars at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32.5 and 35°C on squash and on sour orange leaves was respectively, 0.0, 39.9, 61.1, 60.7, 47.2, 26.4, 0.0 and 0.0, 35.7, 65.7, 68.0, 44.2, 29.1, 0.0%. The results show that Ν. includens has a shorter biological cycle than Ν. bisignatus, whereas the latter species has lower temperature thresholds

Deployment of mating disruption dispensers before and after first seasonal male flights for the control of Aonidiella aurantii in citrus

The rejection of citrus fruit caused by infestations of the California red scale (CRS), Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), raises concerns about its management. This fact has led to the introduction of new integrated control methods in citrus orchards, including the implementation of techniques based on pheromones. Previous works described efficient mating disruption pheromone dispensers to control A. aurantii in the Mediterranean region. The main aims of the present study were to adjust the timing of dispenser applications and study the importance of controlling the early first generation of A. aurantii by testing two different application dates: before and after the first CRS male flight. The efficacy of the different mating disruption strategies was tested during 2010 in an experimental orchard and these results were confirmed during 2011 in a commercial citrus farm. Results showed that every mating disruption strategy achieved significantly lower male captures in monitoring pheromone traps compared with untreated plots, as well as mean fruit infestation reductions of about 80 %. The control of the first CRS generation is not essential for achieving a good efficacy as demonstrated in two locations with different pest pressure. The late application of MD dispensers before the second CRS male flight has proven to be effective, suggesting a new advantageous way to apply mating disruption.The authors want to thank Fernando Alfaro from Denia, Antonio Caballero, and Javier Macias from Rio Tinto Fruit S.A. (Huelva, Spain) for field support. We also thank Ecologia y Proteccion Agricola SL for the pheromone supply. This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project AGL2009-10725) and Agroalimed Foundation. 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New records of aphid species caught in water yellow traps in Greece

Από τον Ιούνιο του 1992 έως το τέλος του ιδίου έτους, κίτρινες παγίδες τύπου Moericke τοποθετήθηκαν σε διάφορες περιοχές της Ελλάδας, όπως Βοιωτία, Θεσσαλία, Μακεδονία και Αιτωλοακαρνανία και σε διάφορες καλλιέργειες, όπως βαμβάκι, τομάτα, καλαμπόκι, κολοκύθι και καπνό. Από τα είδη τα οποία συνελήφθησαν στις παγίδες αυτές και που κατέστη δυνατός ο προσδιορισμός τους, είκοσι αναφέρονται για πρώτη φορά στη χώρα μας.A number of yellow Moericke water traps were placed in Cotton, tomato, tobacco, pot­ato, squash and maize fields in Boiotia, Thessalia, Macedonia and Aitoloakarnania from June to the end of 1992. From a limited number of trip captures examined, fifty nive aphid species were identified of which twenty species arc new records for Greece