An analysis of Kwakiutl plant terms

Kwakiutl plant terms have been analyzed and hypothetically classified according to the linguistic markers of stem and suffix. The results indicate that the Kwakiutl categorize their plant world in terms of functional considerations, i.e., the use plants or plant product. This contrast sharply with the scientific method of plant classification, which deals mainly with morphological homologies in an evolutionary context. The Kwakiutl system allows the anthropologist to determine what part of a plant is used and often how it is used

SOT-MRAM 300mm integration for low power and ultrafast embedded memories

We demonstrate for the first time full-scale integration of top-pinned perpendicular MTJ on 300 mm wafer using CMOS-compatible processes for spin-orbit torque (SOT)-MRAM architectures. We show that 62 nm devices with a W-based SOT underlayer have very large endurance (> 5x10^10), sub-ns switching time of 210 ps, and operate with power as low as 300 pJ.Comment: presented at VLSI2018 session C8-

An evolving revolution in wet site research on the northwest coast of North America

Since 1950 AD, with the onset of larger-scale systematic archaeology on the southern Northwest Coast of North America, archaeologists have known that wet site deposits with perishable artefacts were occasionally encountered at the watertable depths of shellmidden excavations. The 1960s witnessed a testing of three large wet sites, Bider­bost, Hoko River and Ozette Village. The 1970s represented a flowering of wet site exploration, with ten sites hydrauli­cally excavated and reported in an overview conference volume. This peak decade of field investigations has been followed by attempts to incorporate the unique wet site data sets into the overall picture of Northwest Coast prehistory. Numerous surprises have arisen. The perishable artefacts demonstrate very contrary patterns of cultural evolution when compared with patterns represented by stone, bone and shell artefacts, causing a complete rethinking of the meaning of previously defined phase sequences along the Northwest Coast. The understanding of prehisioric eco­nomies and of the possible continuities of ethnic traditions has been greatly revised as well. Following England's Captain James Cook's visit to Noot­ka Sound on March 29, 1778, the Western world was first exposed to the unique and exceptionally rich hunter-fisher­gatherer cultures to be found along the Northwest Coast of North America (Fig. 12.1). Villages, or perhaps better termed towns, of thousands of people, with huge cedar plank houses, hundreds of large cedar dugout canoes, a stylized and large-scale art tradition, lived off efficient and intense fishing, hunting (including capture of even the largest mammal, the whale) and gathering of shellfish and plant foods. How these coastal people had evolved into the last re­maining highly complex societies based solely on hunting, fishing and gathering fascinated the. earliest North Ameri­can anthropologists, with considerable early ethnographic focus on recording their cultures. However the actual roots of this complexity could properly be approached only through archaeology, with one major problem: the majority of their often monumental structures, art and material cul­ture was made of wood and fibre. In fact Philip Drucker, one of the first anthropologists to explore the archaeological potential in this area in the late 1930s, attributed the long neglect of archaeological research on the Northwest Coast to "the belief that the coastal sites are small and few, that they are poor in artifactual material, and that much of what material they contain is so poorly preserved ... as to be irrecoverable

Feature-based diversity optimization for problem instance classification

Parallel Problem Solving from Nature – PPSN XIVUnderstanding the behaviour of heuristic search methods is a challenge. This even holds for simple local search methods such as 2-OPT for the Traveling Salesperson problem. In this paper, we present a general framework that is able to construct a diverse set of instances that are hard or easy for a given search heuristic. Such a diverse set is obtained by using an evolutionary algorithm for constructing hard or easy instances that are diverse with respect to different features of the underlying problem. Examining the constructed instance sets, we show that many combinations of two or three features give a good classification of the TSP instances in terms of whether they are hard to be solved by 2-OPT.Wanru Gao, Samadhi Nallaperuma, and Frank Neuman

Adequate symptom relief justifies hepatic resection for benign disease

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of partial liver resection for benign liver lesions. METHODS: All patients operated on for benign liver lesions from 1991 to 2002 were included. Information was retrieved from medical records, the hospital registration system and by a telephonic questionnaire. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients with a median age of 41 years (17–71) were operated on (M/F ratio 5/23). The diagnosis was haemangioma in 8 patients, FNH in 6, HCA in 13 and angiomyolipoma in 1. Eight patients were known to have relevant co-morbidity. Median operating time was 207 minutes (45–360). The morbidity rate was 25% and no postoperative mortality was observed. Twenty-two patients (79%) had symptoms (mainly abdominal pain) prior to surgery. Twenty-five patients were reached for a questionnaire. The median follow up was 55 months (4–150). In 89% of patients preoperative symptoms had decreased or disappeared after surgery. Four patients developed late complications. CONCLUSION: Long-term follow up after liver surgery for benign liver lesions shows considerable symptom relief and patient satisfaction. In addition to a correct indication these results justify major surgery with associated morbidity and mortality

Competition and quality indicators in the health care sector: empirical evidence from the Dutch hospital sector

textabstractThere is much debate about the effect of competition in healthcare and especially the effect of competition on the quality of healthcare, although empirical evidence on this subject is mixed. The Netherlands provides an interesting case in this debate. The Dutch system could be characterized as a system involving managed competition and mandatory healthcare insurance. Information about the quality of care provided by hospitals has been publicly available since 2008. In this paper, we evaluate the relationship between quality scores for three diagnosis groups and the market power indicators of hospitals. We estimate the impact of competition on quality in an environment of liberalized pricing. For this research, we used unique price and production data relating to three diagnosis groups (cataract, adenoid and tonsils, bladder tumor) produced by Dutch hospitals in the period 2008–2011. We also used the quality indicators relating to these diagnosis groups. We reveal a negative relationship between market share and quality score for two of the three diagnosis groups studied, meaning that hospitals in competitive markets have better quality scores than those in concentrated markets. We therefore conclude that more competition is associated with higher quality scores

Authenticity in Tourism in Small Island Destinations: the Residents’ Perspective

This study explored the meaning of authenticity in the context of a small island destination from the residents\u27 perspective, departing from the main stream literature which predominantly focuses on the demand side of the equation. Photo-elicitation was used to investigate the conception of authenticity. The finding from the focus group is that the notions of authenticity are unique, vast, and individualistic and that an encompassing definition of authenticity is difficult to concur. While the focus group provided clarity in terms of authenticity being embedded in the cultural lifestyle, an empirical study was conducted to further understand what cultural resources could be derived from the specific meaning of authenticity. Two themes emerged: (1) when residents interact with tourists, cultural attributes are more important than tradition; and (2) tourists are involved in creating an authentic process for residents. The younger generation appears to be frustrated with the impact of tourism on the cultural identity of the island. In conclusion, the concept and practice of authenticity are not static, but rather evolving practices that embrace new cultural forms. Cultural tourism could become a potent vehicle enhancing the quality of life of residents and the essence of the distinctiveness of Aruba contributing to a sense of place, pride, and culture

Report to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point

Every year, the National Focal Points in the member states of the European Union report on the drug situation in their countries. These reports are prepared according to the guidelines issued by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). This National Report reviews the developments in the drug policy of the Netherlands up to the 9th of November 2012

Systematic Evaluation of Osimertinib Population Pharmacokinetic Models in a Cohort of Dutch Adults with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Several population pharmacokinetic (popPK) studies have been reported that can guide the prediction of osimertinib plasma concentrations in individual patients. It is currently unclear which popPK model offers the best predictive performance and which popPK models are most suitable for nonadherence management and model-informed precision dosing. Therefore, the objective of this study was to externally validate all osimertinib popPK models available in the current literature.METHODS: Published popPK models for osimertinib were constructed using NONMEM version 7.4.4. The predictive quality of the identified models was assessed with goodness-of-fit (GoF) plots, conditional weighted residuals (CWRES) plots and a prediction-corrected visual predictive check (pcVPC) for osimertinib and its active metabolite AZ5104. A subset from the Dutch OSIBOOST trial, where 11 patients with low osimertinib exposure were included, was used as evaluation cohort.RESULTS: The population GoF plots for all four models poorly followed the line of identity. For the individual GoF plots, all models performed comparable and were closely distributed among the line of identity. CWRES of the four models were skewed. The pcVPCs of all four models showed a similar trend, where all observed concentrations fell in the simulated shaded areas, but in the lower region of the simulated areas.CONCLUSION: All four popPK models can be used to individually predict osimertinib concentrations in patients with low osimertinib exposure. For population predictions, all four popPK models performed poorly in patients with low osimertinib exposure. A novel popPK model with good predictive performance should be developed for patients with low osimertinib exposure. Ideally, the cause for the relatively low osimertinib exposure in our evaluation cohort should be known.CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT03858491.</p