International visibility of Rhinoplasty research

Rhinoplasty represents a widely used surgical approach to correct nasal deformities and imperfections. A scientometric investigation of the world publication output and citations on these problems was carried out in Web of Science (WoS), MEDLINE, and EMBASE for a 26-year period - from January 1985 till December 2010. Any relevant publications which had been abstracted were retrieved and analyzed. In this narrow field, 4155 publications were abstracted in MEDLINE (WoK), 2286 - in EMBASE, and 1980 - in WoS. English-language publications amounted to 1922 in EMBASE and to 1895 in WoS. There were more than 7700 author's names with papers on rhinoplasty abstracted in MEDLINE (WoK) and more than 3500 ones - in WoS. The most productive authors, institutions and countries as well as the 'core' journals were identified. Bulgaria has become internationally visible with 3 papers abstracted in WoS, with two - in EMBASE, and with one - in MEDLINE (WoK). The intensity of collaboration between the researchers within the single scientific unit, between different scientific institutions in one and the same city, in different cities of one and the same country, and between collectives from different countries permanently increased. A broader incorporation of Bulgarian scientists into the international scientific communities should be recommended.Scripta Scientifica Medica 2011;43(2): 101-10

Effective network security monitoring: from attribution to target-centric monitoring

Network security monitoring remains a challenge. As global networks scale up, in terms of traffic, volume and speed, effective attribution of cyber attacks is increasingly difficult. The problem is compounded by a combination of other factors, including the architecture of the Internet, multi-stage attacks and increasing volumes of nonproductive traffic. This paper proposes to shift the focus of security monitoring from the source to the target. Simply put, resources devoted to detection and attribution should be redeployed to efficiently monitor for targeting and prevention of attacks. The effort of detection should aim to determine whether a node is under attack, and if so, effectively prevent the attack. This paper contributes by systematically reviewing the structural, operational and legal reasons underlying this argument, and presents empirical evidence to support a shift away from attribution to favour of a target-centric monitoring approach. A carefully deployed set of experiments are presented and a detailed analysis of the results is achieved

Biotransformation of Phytosterols to Androstenedione in Two Phase Water-oil Systems

The microbial transformation of phytosterols to androstenedione (androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, AD) and androstadienedione (androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, ADD) in two-phase water-oil systems by means of the strain Mycobacterium sp. MB3683 has been studied. The effect of some process conditions, like the agitation speed, the age and amount of inoculum, the temperature and some additional carbon sources have been investigated. The highest conversion rates were attained with 10–15 % of inolucum of age t = 16–20 h at T = 34–35 "C and n = 400 min–1. Media containing high concentrations of carbohydrates have a negative impact on the process, while the natural nitrogen sources influence beneficially the bioconversion. The use of silicon oil and polypropylene-glycol as solubilizing agents was found suitable for the above-mentioned biotransformation and permitted to increase considerably the amount of the substrate in the system. On the other hand, the biotransformation rate depended on the amount of the oils, because they inhibited the microbial cells growth

TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Problems and prospects of special economic zones in Russia

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.This article provides an evaluation of the efficiency of special economic zones in Russia for the 10 years since their establishment. An analysis of the possible courses of their development has been given. Approaches to models of SEZ administration and financing have been reconsidered

Problems and prospects of special economic zones in Russia

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.This article provides an evaluation of the efficiency of special economic zones in Russia for the 10 years since their establishment. An analysis of the possible courses of their development has been given. Approaches to models of SEZ administration and financing have been reconsidered

Investigation of control system operation in plug-in four-wheel drive of wheeled vehicles on roller test benches

Introduction. Modern wheeled vehicles are equipped with plug-in all-wheel drive control systems that increase their trafficability, stability and controllability. A good example is the AWD (All-wheel drive) system, which provides the highest efficiency of a plug-in drive compared to a permanent all-wheel drive. In order to ensure and maintain the efficiency and safety of vehicles with plug-in all-wheel drive control systems, it is necessary to investigate their functioning during manufacture and operation stages. Road testing methods are the most widespread methods for testing the systems under consideration. However they are not always feasible in the conditions of enterprises which provide testing and examination of vehicles, as well as in the conditions of service stations, service centers and other organizations of the automotive industry.   Materials and methods. For the purpose of analytical research, a developed set of mathematical models containing the “ Vehicles “ and the “Stand” subsystems models was used. The description of the models is completed with the software package “Universal mechanism-9”. Experimental studies of operation of the vehicle with an automated AWD system were carried out on a full-support multifunctional stand with IRNIT running drums. The Volvo S60 25T AWD automobile with Haldex clutch of II generation was used as a research object.   Results and discussion. In the course of analytical and experimental studies, the results of investigating vehicle operation were obtained by simulating acceleration with the slipping of the driving wheels of both the front and rear axles: the traction force on the driving wheels and the wheel speed.   Conclusion. The results of this analytical research and their correspondence to the results of experimental study show the possibility of conducting qualitative and quantitative testing of automobiles with plug-in all-wheel drive control systems on roller test benches. The use of a complex of mathematical models will further allow for the development of unique bench methods and equipment to carry out research on the operational properties of modern vehicles

Numerical simulation of gas flow and droplet motion in a wave-plate eliminator of the separator-steam-generator system in the waste-heat-utilisation complex

This paper studied the droplet transport and deposition in the turbulent flow inside a wave-plate eliminator of the waste-heat utilisation complex (WHUC). The Lagrangian discrete particle approach was used to simulate the process of liquid separation from wet steam flow. Two different models for droplet-eddy interaction were tested using data from the available literature. The tested numerical model was used to predict the WHUC performance