Mortgage choices and housing speculation

We describe a rational expectations model in which speculative bubbles in house prices can emerge. Within this model both speculators and their lenders use interest-only mortgages (IOs) rather than traditional mortgages when there is a bubble. Absent a bubble, there is no tendency for IOs to be used. These insights are used to assess the extent to which house prices in US cities were driven by speculative bubbles over the period 2000-2008. We find that IOs were used sparingly in cities where elastic housing supply precludes speculation from arising. In cities with inelastic supply, where speculation is possible, there was heavy use of IOs, but only in cities that had boom-bust cycles. Peak IO usage predicts rapid appreciations that cannot be explained by standard correlates and this variable is more robustly correlated with rapid appreciations than other mortgage characteristics, including sub-prime, securitization and leverage. Where IOs were popular, their use does not appear to have been a response to houses becoming more expensive. Indeed, their use anticipated future appreciation. Finally, consistent with the reason why lenders prefer IOs, these mortgages are more likely to be repaid earlier or foreclose. Combined with our model, this evidence suggests that speculative bubbles were an important factor driving prices in cities with boom-bust cycles.Mortgage loans ; Mortgage-backed securities ; Housing - Prices

Mortgage choices and housing speculation

We describe a rational expectations model in which speculative bubbles in house prices can emerge. Within this model both speculators and their lenders use interest-only mortgages (IOs) rather than traditional mortgages when there is a bubble. Absent a bubble, there is no tendency for IOs to be used. These insights are used to assess the extent to which house prices in US cities were driven by speculative bubbles over the period 2000-2008. We find that IOs were used sparingly in cities where elastic housing supply precludes speculation from arising. In cities with inelastic supply, where speculation is possible, there was heavy use of IOs, but only in cities that had boom-bust cycles. Peak IO usage predicts rapid appreciations that cannot be explained by standard correlates and this variable is more robustly correlated with rapid appreciations than other mortgage characteristics, including sub-prime, securitization and leverage. Where IOs were popular, their use does not appear to have been a response to houses becoming more expensive. Indeed, their use anticipated future appreciation. Finally, consistent with the reason why lenders prefer IOs, these mortgages are more likely to be repaid earlier or foreclose. Combined with our model, this evidence suggests that speculative bubbles were an important factor driving prices in cities with boom-bust cycles

The Histological, Extraction and Characterization Collagens Yellow-pike Conger Muarenesox Talabon

By product Muarenesox talabon swim bladders can be used as a raw material for desperately needed in the food, biomedical, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceuticals industries. The aims of the research were to observed the histological and determine chemical characteristics of swim bladder including proximate and amino acids; extraction of acid soluble collagen and determine the characteristics of collagen including proximate, pH, heavy metals, microbial, amino acids, functional groups, molecular weights, and thermal stability. The morphology of cunang swim bladder consists of outer, middle, and inner layers containing collagen fibers; 33.67±0.71%wb and protein whichwere dominated by three amino acids that were glycine, proline, and alanine. Pretreatment by 0.1 M NaOH for 8 hours (K1T4) and acid extraction by 0.25 M acetic acid for 72 hours (M1T3) was the best treatment yielding 14.51± 0.43% of collagen; having 12.12±0.04% wb of moisture; 88.54 ± 0.08% wb of protein; 1.31±0.23% wb of fat; 0.17±0.03% wb of ash. Not detected any heavy metals (Pb, Hg, As, Cd). Acidity pH was 4.31 and negative of E. coli and Salmonella. The main amino acids detected were glycine 241.06 mg/g; proline 88.73mg/g; and alanine 86,98 mg/g; FTIR spectra were revealed the presence of triple helix structures; electrophoresis patterns consisted of 136 kDa of mol weight of α1 and 117 kDa of mol weight of α2 were characterisedto be type I collagen; which had Tmax of 195.59ºC and ΔH 7.8113 J/g

Operative Treatment of Isolated Bicondylar Hoffa Fracture With a Modified Swashbuckler Approach

Introduction: An isolated coronal fracture of either or both femoral condyles is a rare entity and is usually associated with high-energy injury trauma. Such fractures should be meticulously fixed for a good functional outcome as they involve the articular surface of a weight bearing joint. A modified swashbuckler approach provides adequate exposure for appropriate reduction and fixation of such fractures. Case Presentation: A 32-year-old male sustained a bicondylar Hoffa fracture of the right femur which was treated by open reduction and internal fixation using a modified swashbuckler approach. At two years of follow-up, the patient had excellent radiological and functional outcome. Conclusions: In our study, we treated this rare fracture successfully using a modified swashbuckler approach and found it to be a good approach for such fractures as compared to the conventional approach

ANALISIS PENGARUH PENERAPAN BUDAYA TERHADAP KEBUTUHAN EKONOMI DAN PERILAKU MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN PADA MASYARAKAT ENDE LIO

Indonesia is a country that has diverse tribes and cultures. Each culture has different behavioral characteristics in terms of financial management that can affect the economic growth of a region. Wurumana culture is a local custom of the Ende Lio community which is related to the cycle of money circulation in the family which has become a tradition for generations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of local culture (Wurumana) on Economic Needs, the effect of Economic Needs on Financial Management Behavior, the influence of Economic Needs on Financial Attitudes, and to determine the effect of Financial Attitudes on Financial Management Behavior of the Ende Lio community. The research method used in this study is a quantitative method using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis tools using AMOS 22. The results of the study show that Wurumana Culture has a significant positive effect on Economic Conditions (H1), Economic Conditions are proven to have a significant positive effect on Management Behavior Financial (H2), Economic Conditions have a significant positive effect on Financial Attitudes (H3), and Financial Attitudes have a significant positive effect on Financial Management Behavior (H4)

PENGARUH PENERIMAAN PAJAK HIBURAN DAN INFLASI TERHADAP PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH : Studi Kasus Pada Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Ende

The purpose of this study is to determine (1) To determine the effect of entertainment tax revenue on Regional Original Revenues. (2) To find out inflation affects the Regional Original Revenue. Analysis of the data used is multiple linear regression analysis. To facilitate analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciens (SPSS) program for windows is used. The results of this study indicate that the results of the t test of entertainment tax variables obtained tcount> ttable where 4.801> 2.353 and the significance value obtained was 0.041 <0.05. Thus it means that partially the entertainment tax revenue variable has a significant effect on the PAD variable in the Ende Regency Revenue Agency. The t-test results of the inflation variable obtained value of t> t table where 16.026> 2.353 and the significance value obtained was 0.004 <0.05. Thus it means that partially the inflation variable has a significant effect on the PAD variable in the Ende Regency Regional Revenue Agency

PENGARUH LABA BERSIH, ARUS KAS OPERASI TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN DEVIDEN PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

The research objectives (1) determine the effect of Net Income on Dividend Policy (2) to determine the effect of Operating Cash Flow on Dividend Policy (3) to determine the effect of Net Income and Operating Cash Flow on Dividend Policy. The research sample is 45 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2015-2016 period. Classic assumption test: normality test, autocorrelation test, multicolonierity test and heteroscedasticity test. The data analysis technique used simple regression analysis techniques and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study: (1) Partially Net Profit has a negative effect on Dividend Policy (2) Operational Cash Flow has a negative effect partially and on Dividend Policy (3) Net Income and Operating Cash Flow simultaneously have a negative effect on Dividend Policy

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KREDIT GADAI KCA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN SEWA MODAL DI PT PEGADAIAN CABANG WOLOWONA KABUPATEN ENDE

The problems that occur are what is the level of KCA pawning credit, how is the level of capital lease income and how much influence does KCA pawning credit give to capital lease income at PT Pegadaian, Wolowona branch. This study aims to determine the level of KCA pawning credit at PT Pegadaian, Wolowona branch, the level of capital rental income at PT Pegadaian, Wolowona branch, and the effect of KCA pawning credit on rental income at PT Pegadaian, Wolowona branch. The method in this study uses simple linear regression analysis, t test, and the coefficient of reduction to determine the effect of KCA pawning credit on capital rental income at PT Pegadaian, Wolowona branch, Ende district. The data sources are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, interviews, and documentation. Based on the test results using simple linear analysis, t test, and determinant coefficient, it shows that the provision of mortgage loans has a significant effect on capital rental income at PT Pegadaian, Wolowona branch, Ende district

Pengaruh Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Terhadap Efektivitas Penjualan Dengan Pengendalian Intern Sebagai Variabel Intervening : Studi Empiris Pada PT. Nusantara Surya Sakti di Kabupaten Ende dan Nagekeo

This study aims to determine the effect of each variable, namely the accounting information system on sales effectiveness, with internal control as an intervening variable at PT. Nusantara Surya Sakti in Ende and Nagekeo Regencies. The population in this study was 86 employees. Samples taken as many as 46 respondents. The method used is a quantitative research method. This research uses primary data that is questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and path analysis which are managed through SPSS Statistics 25 software. The results showed that the accounting information system affects the effectiveness of sales with a significance value of 0,032 less than 0,05. However, the Path Analysis test results show that the value of direct influence has a smaller value compared to the indirect effect (0,193<l,030), so it is concluded that there is a mediating influence between the accounting information system on sales effectiveness through internal control

ANALISIS KREDIT MACET DAN IMPLEMENTASI RESTRUKTURISASI KREDIT : (Studi Kasus Koperasi Kredit Syuradikara)

Syuradikara Credit Cooperative (KKS) is one of the cooperatives that is experiencing bad credit. Bad credit that occurs is due to the inability of customers to pay loan installments, as a result, it can reduce the income of the cooperative. One of the steps taken by the KKS to resolve this bad credit is by restructuring. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1). factors that lead to bad credit on KKS and (2), steps in the implementation of restructuring in settling bad debts on KKS. The data analysis used is descriptive analysis using a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that: (1). The factors that cause bad credit on KKS, namely from internal factors, include the KKS not being observant in deciding the size of loan services to members, lack of education for members and prospective borrowers, and less competent credit staff. Meanwhile, external factors include members who are not used properly, lazy attitude, wastefulness, lack of diligence in doing business and the backbone of the family who dies or is looking for a place to work overseas. (2). The steps for implementing restructuring in settling bad debts include giving a warning or warning letter, conducting routine billing, working with the police to pick up members to sign a statement of ability to pay arrears, and making renewals, namely by rescheduling