The Role of the PGC1α Gly482Ser Polymorphism in Weight Gain due to Intensive Diabetes Therapy

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) involved intensive diabetes therapy of subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) for an average period of 6.5 years. A subset of these subjects gained excessive weight. We tested for association of polymorphisms in 8 candidate genes with the above trait. We found the Gly482Ser polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) to be significantly associated with weight gain in males (P = .0045) but not in females. The Ser allele was associated with greater weight gain than the Gly allele (P = .005). Subjects with a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were more common among those who gained excessive weight. We conclude that T2DM and the Gly482Ser polymorphism in PGC1α contribute to the effect of intensive diabetes therapy on weight gain in males with T1DM

Dynamic Hardy type inequalities via alpha-conformable derivatives on time scales

We prove new Hardy-type $\alpha$-conformable dynamic inequalities on time scales. Our results are proved by using Keller's chain rule, the integration by parts formula, and the dynamic H\"{o}lder inequality on time scales. When $\alpha=1$, then we obtain some well-known time-scale inequalities due to Hardy. As special cases, we obtain new continuous, discrete, and quantum inequalities.Comment: 27 page

Locus filters

In this paper, directly following from Gage [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 23, 46(1993) ], we study the design of a particular theoretical filter for photography, that we call the locus filter. It is built in such a way that a Wien-Planckian light (of any temperature) is spectrally mapped to another Wien-Planckian light. We provide a physical basis for designing such a filter based on the Wien approximation of Planck’s law, and we prove that there exists a unique set of filters that have the desired property. While locus filtered Wien-Planckian lights are on the locus, the amount they shift depends both on the locus filter used and on the color temperature of the light. In experiments, we analyze the nature of temperature change when applying different locus filters and we show that real lights shift more or less as if they were Planckians in terms of the changes in their correlated color temperatures. We also study the quality of the filtered light in terms of distance from the Planckian locus and color rendering index

Genome-Wide Linkage Analysis to Identify Chromosomal Regions Affecting Phenotypic Traits in the Chicken. III. Skeletal Integrity

Two unique chicken F2 populations generated from a broiler breeder male line and 2 genetically distinct inbred (\u3e99%) chicken lines (Leghorn and Fayoumi) were used for whole genome QTL analysis. Twelve phenotypic skeletal integrity traits (6 absolute and 6 relative traits) were measured or calculated, including bone mineral content, bone mineral density, tibia length, shank length, shank weight, and shank length:shank weight. All traits were also expressed as a percentage of BW at 8 wk of age. Birds were genotyped for 269 microsatellite markers across the entire genome. The QTL affecting bone traits in chickens were detected by the QTL express program. Significance levels were obtained using the permutation test. For the 12 traits, a total of 56 significant QTL were detected at the 5% chromosome-wise significance level, of which 14 and 10 were significant at the 5% genome-wise level for the broiler-Leghorn cross and broiler-Fayoumi cross, respectively. Phenotypic variation for each trait explained by all detected QTL across the genome ranged from 12.0 to 35.6% in the broiler-Leghorn cross and 2.9 to 31.3% in the broiler-Fayoumi cross. Different QTL profiles identified between the 2 related F2 crosses for most traits suggested that genetic background is an important factor for QTL analysis. Study of associations of biological candidate genes with skeletal integrity traits in chickens will reveal new knowledge of understanding biological process of skeletal homeostasis. The results of the current study have identified markers for bone strength traits, which may be used to genetically improve skeletal integrity in chickens by MAS, and to identify the causal genes for these traits

Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Provides Protection Against Injury-Induced Thrombosis in Female Mice

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important vasoactive molecule produced by three NO synthase (NOS) enzymes: neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS). While eNOS contributes to blood vessel dilation that is generally thought to protect against the development of hypertension, iNOS has been primarily implicated as a disease-promoting isoform leading to protein-bound 3-nitrotyrosine formation in aortic lesions and select organs during atherogenesis. Despite this, iNOS may also play a physiological role, via the modulation of cyclooxygenase and thromboregulatory eicosanoid production. Herein, we examined the role of iNOS in a murine model of thrombosis. Blood flow was measured in carotid arteries of male and female wild-type (WT) and iNOS-deficient mice following ferric chloride-induced thrombosis. Female WT mice were less susceptible to thrombotic occlusion than male counterparts, but this protection was lost upon iNOS deletion. In contrast, male mice (with and without iNOS deletion) were equally susceptible to thrombosis. The protective effect that iNOS affords female WT mice was not associated with a change in the balance of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and antithrombotic prostacyclin (PGI2). Our findings, however, suggest that iNOS generates a protective source of NO in female WT mice that attenuates the effects of vascular injury. Thus, although iNOS is likely detrimental during atherogenesis, physiological iNOS levels may play a protective role in preventing thrombotic occlusion, a phenomenon that may be enhanced in female mice