Words are vectors, dependencies are matrices: Learning word embeddings from dependency graphs

Distributional Semantic Models (DSMs) construct vector representations of word meanings based on their contexts. Typically, the contexts of a word are defined as its closest neighbours, but they can also be retrieved from its syntactic dependency relations. In this work, we propose a new dependency-based DSM. The novelty of our model lies in associating an independent meaning representation, a matrix, with each dependency-label. This allows it to capture specifics of the relations between words and contexts, leading to good performance on both intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation tasks. In addition to that, our model has an inherent ability to represent dependency chains as products of matrices which provides a straightforward way of handling further contexts of a word

In vitro and in vivo studies on biocompatibility of carbon fibres

In the present study we focused on the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of two types of carbon fibres (CFs): hydroxyapatite modified carbon fibres and porous carbon fibres. Porous CFs used as scaffold for tissues regeneration could simultaneously serve as a support for drug delivery or biologically active agents which would stimulate the tissue growth; while addition of nanohydroxyapatite to CFs precursor can modify their biological properties (such as bioactivity) without subsequent surface modifications, making the process cost and time effective. Presented results indicated that fibre modification with HAp promoted formation of apatite on the fibre surface during incubation in simulated body fluid. The materials biocompatibility was determined by culturing human osteoblast-like cells of the line MG 63 in contact with both types of CFs. Both tested materials gave good support to adhesion and growth of bone-derived cells. Materials were implanted into the skeletal rat muscle and a comparative analysis of tissue reaction to the presence of the two types of CFs was done. Activities of marker metabolic enzymes: cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) and acid phosphatase were examined to estimate the effect of implants on the metabolic state of surrounding tissues. Presented results evidence the biocompatibility of porous CFs and activity that stimulates the growth of connective tissues. In case of CFs modified with hydroxyapatite the time of inflammatory reaction was shorter than in case of traditional CFs

Wpływ podstawowych parametrów fizykochemicznych wody na natężenie pola elektrycznego w wodzie morskiej

Passive defense systems which minimize chance of vessel detection have to be utilized due to application of naval mines. Passive defense and signature minimization can be regarded as not only magnitude reduction but also as its shaping. Electric field magnitude at a given depth is a function of an electric field source but also it depends on physicochemical properties of seawater — temperature and salinity. In this paper results of underwater electric field simulations are presented. Cases of various depths, temperatures and salinities are shown. Computational results are compared to underwater electric field measurements performed with portable sensor.Zagrożenia wynikające ze stosowania min morskich wymuszają użycie na okrętach systemów minimalizujących prawdopodobieństwo ich wykrycia — obronę bierną. Minimalizacja pól fizycznych oznacza zmniejszenie maksymalnego natężenia pola oraz jego kształtowanie. Natężenie pola elektrycznego na zadanej głębokości pomiarowej jest zależne nie tylko od parametrów źródła, ale również od właściwości fizykochemicznych wody — jej temperatury oraz zasolenia. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki symulacji komputerowych natężenia pola elektrycznego na różnych głębokościach i w kilku wybranych środowiskach charakteryzujących się różnymi wartościami temperatury oraz zasolenia. Wyniki symulacji zestawiono z wartościami natężenia pola elektrycznego zmierzonego przez przenośny układ pomiarowy

Microstructure, properties and biocompatibility of the nitrided Ti-6Al-4V alloy for medical application

Investigation of the microstructure, properties and biocompatibility of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy nitrided under glow discharge was performed. The microstructural analyses were carried out using light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, analytical scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Phase identifications and chemical composition of the layer and bulk material (substrate) were determined by electron diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Atomic force microscopy was applied for layer surface topography measurements. Microhardness and Young's modulus measurements as well as frictional wear resistance and corrosion resistance tests were performed. The investigation revealed a clear correlation between the micro/nano structure and surface topography of the layer with its micromechanical, tribological and corrosion properties. In-vitro examinations of biofilm and cell behaviour show that the nitrided Ti-6Al-4V alloy exhibits good biocompatibility

Microvascular and lymphatic dysfunction in HFpEF and its associated comorbidities

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex heterogeneous disease for which our pathophysiological understanding is still limited and specifc prevention and treatment strategies are lacking. HFpEF is characterised by diastolic dysfunction and cardiac remodelling (fbrosis, infammation, and hypertrophy). Recently, microvascular dysfunction and chronic low-grade infammation have been proposed to participate in HFpEF development. Furthermore, several recent studies demonstrated the occurrence of generalized lymphatic dysfunction in experimental models of risk factors for HFpEF, including obesity, hypercholesterolaemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and aging. Here, we review the evidence for a combined role of coronary (micro)vascular dysfunction and lymphatic vessel alterations in mediating key pathological steps in HFpEF, including reduced cardiac perfusion, chronic low-grade infammation, and myocardial oedema, and their impact on cardiac metabolic alterations (oxygen and nutrient supply/demand imbalance), fbrosis, and cardiomyocyte stifness. We focus primarily on HFpEF caused by metabolic risk factors, such as obesity, T2DM, hypertension, and aging

Microvascular and lymphatic dysfunction in HFpEF and its associated comorbidities

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex heterogeneous disease for which our pathophysiological understanding is still limited and specifc prevention and treatment strategies are lacking. HFpEF is characterised by diastolic dysfunction and cardiac remodelling (fbrosis, infammation, and hypertrophy). Recently, microvascular dysfunction and chronic low-grade infammation have been proposed to participate in HFpEF development. Furthermore, several recent studies demonstrated the occurrence of generalized lymphatic dysfunction in experimental models of risk factors for HFpEF, including obesity, hypercholesterolaemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and aging. Here, we review the evidence for a combined role of coronary (micro)vascular dysfunction and lymphatic vessel alterations in mediating key pathological steps in HFpEF, including reduced cardiac perfusion, chronic low-grade infammation, and myocardial oedema, and their impact on cardiac metabolic alterations (oxygen and nutrient supply/demand imbalance), fbrosis, and cardiomyocyte stifness. We focus primarily on HFpEF caused by metabolic risk factors, such as obesity, T2DM, hypertension, and aging