L’alliance entre les microorganismes et les plantes au cœur des enjeux de renaturation des sols dégradés

National audienc

Données spatiales, qualité des sols et services écosystémiques: questionnement et perspectives

Soil quality is essential to answer the agro-ecological transition requirement. However, although a largeamount of information is available to characterise it, the difficulty of combining data acquired at variousscales and using non-standardised methods makes it difficult to build reference systems. This difficulty iseven more important when the aim is to take into account soil biology, a major player in biochemicaltransformations, a regulator of nutrient availability and consequently a determining factor in soil fertility.Given the constraints linked to the study of soil biology or microbiology, could spatial data sets help toimprove our understanding of the state and biological functioning of soil?La qualité du sol est au cœur des enjeux de la transition agroécologique. Pourtant, s’il existe une granderichesse d’information pour la caractériser, la difficulté à pouvoir compiler les données acquises à deséchelles diverses et selon des méthodes non normalisées rend délicate la construction de référentiels.Cette difficulté est encore accrue lorsque l’on ambitionne de prendre en compte le compartimentbiologique du sol, acteur majeur des transformations biochimiques, régulateur de la disponibilité deséléments nutritifs et en conséquence élément déterminant de la fertilité des sols. Compte tenu descontraintes liées à l’étude de la biologie ou microbiologie des sols, les données spatiales pourraient-ellespermettre d’améliorer notre compréhension de l’état et du fonctionnement biologique des sols

Evaluation de la durabilité de cultures mineures, riches en protéines, en région Normandie

International audienc

Projet PROVEG (PROtéines VEGétales) : Évaluation de la durabilité des cultures mineures dans la région Normandie

National audienc

Guide d’interprétation à l’analyse des bioindicateurs Microbioterre : un nouvel outil pour un diagnostic de la fertilité à la parcelle

International audienc

Evaluation of the sustainability of minor crops in Normandy region, France

International audienceCrop production in Normandy is highly specialized and based on few crops, which raises the issues of agricultural sustainability. This issue of sustainability is of great concerns when we consider protein autonomy outcome at French and European levels. Thus, the development of alternative crops could help to the diversification of crop rotations and contribute to the increase of the proportion of plant-based proteins. Because of their high protein content, grain legumes, cereals and oilseeds offer benefits for human health (Becerra-Tomás et al., 2017), the environment (Springmann et al., 2016), and global food security (Erb et al., 2016). Increasing the proportion of grain legumes in cultivated areas could reduce the current deficit in protein and contribute to sustainable farming systems

Introducing Grasslands into Crop Rotations, a Way to Restore Microbiodiversity and Soil Functions

International audienceThe aims of this study were to investigate (i) the influence of aging grassland in the recovery of soil state by the comparison of permanent grassland, two restored grasslands, two temporary grasslands, and a continuous crop in the same pedoclimatic conditions, (ii) the extent and the persistence of the potential changes following a grassland/or cropland phase. We hypothesized that the level of microbial communities and enzyme activities could achieve a profile close to that of permanent grassland after the introduction of grassland for a few years in crop rotations. Soil biophysicochemical properties were studied. Our results indicated that the abundance of microbial communities and enzyme activities were positively correlated to soil C and N contents and negatively correlated to soil pH. The changes in microbial abundance level were strongly linked to the changes in functional level when grasslands are introduced into crop rotations. We also showed that a continuous crop regime had a stronger legacy on the soil biota and functions. By contrast, the legacy of a grassland regime changed quickly when the grassland regime is interrupted by recent culture events. A grassland regime enabled the restoration of functions after more than five cumulative years in the grassland regime

Evaluation sur des essais au champ d’indicateurs de microbiologie des sols – premiers résultats du projet Microbioterre

National audienc

Protéines Végétales : évaluation de la durabilité de cultures mineures, riches en protéines, en région Normandie

International audienc