3,899 research outputs found
A closer look at string resonances in dijet events at the LHC
The first string excited state can be observed as a resonance in dijet
invariant mass distributions at the LHC, if the scenario of low-scale string
with large extra dimensions is realized. A distinguished property of the dijet
resonance by string excited states from that the other "new physics" is that
many almost degenerate states with various spin compose a single resonance
structure. It is examined that how we can obtain evidences of low-scale string
models through the analysis of angular distributions of dijet events at the
LHC. Some string resonance states of color singlet can obtain large mass shifts
through the open string one-loop effect, or through the mixing with closed
string states, and the shape of resonance structure can be distorted. Although
the distortion is not very large (10% for the mass squared), it might be able
to observe the effect at the LHC, if gluon jets and quark jets could be
distinguished in a certain level of efficiency.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
Interaction of reed and acoustic resonator in clarinetlike systems
Sound emergence in clarinetlike instruments is investigated in terms of
instability of the static regime. Various models of reed-bore coupling are
considered, from the pioneering work of Wilson and Beavers ["Operating modes of
the clarinet", J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 56, 653--658 (1974)] to more recent modeling
including viscothermal bore losses and vena contracta at the reed inlet. The
pressure threshold above which these models may oscillate as well as the
frequency of oscillation at threshold are calculated. In addition to Wilson and
Beavers' previous conclusions concerning the role of the reed damping in the
selection of the register the instrument will play on, the influence of the
reed motion induced flow is also emphasized, particularly its effect on playing
frequencies, contributing to reduce discrepancies between Wilson and Beavers'
experimental results and theory, despite discrepancies still remain concerning
the pressure threshold. Finally, analytical approximations of the oscillating
solution based on Fourier series expansion are obtained in the vicinity of the
threshold of oscillation. This allows to emphasize the conditions which
determine the nature of the bifurcation (direct or inverse) through which the
note may emerge, with therefore important consequences on the musical playing
performances
TeV Strings and the Neutrino-Nucleon Cross Section at Ultra-high Energies
In scenarios with the fundamental unification scale at the TeV one expects
string excitations of the standard model fields at accessible energies. We
study the neutrino-nucleon cross section in these models. We show that duality
of the scattering amplitude forces the existence of a tower of massive
leptoquarks that mediate the process in the s-channel. Using the narrow-width
approximation we find a sum rule for the production rate of resonances with
different spin at each mass level. We show that these contributions can
increase substantially the standard model neutrino-nucleon cross section,
although seem insufficient in order to explain the cosmic ray events above the
GZK cutoff energy.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, version to appear in PR
A non-linear optimal estimation inverse method for radio occultation measurements of temperature, humidity and surface pressure
An optimal estimation inverse method is presented which can be used to
retrieve simultaneously vertical profiles of temperature and specific humidity,
in addition to surface pressure, from satellite-to-satellite radio occultation
observations of the Earth's atmosphere. The method is a non-linear, maximum
{\it a posteriori} technique which can accommodate most aspects of the real
radio occultation problem and is found to be stable and to converge rapidly in
most cases. The optimal estimation inverse method has two distinct advantages
over the analytic inverse method in that it accounts for some of the effects of
horizontal gradients and is able to retrieve optimally temperature and humidity
simultaneously from the observations. It is also able to account for
observation noise and other sources of error. Combined, these advantages ensure
a realistic retrieval of atmospheric quantities.
A complete error analysis emerges naturally from the optimal estimation
theory, allowing a full characterisation of the solution. Using this analysis a
quality control scheme is implemented which allows anomalous retrieval
conditions to be recognised and removed, thus preventing gross retrieval
errors.
The inverse method presented in this paper has been implemented for bending
angle measurements derived from GPS/MET radio occultation observations of the
Earth. Preliminary results from simulated data suggest that these observations
have the potential to improve NWP model analyses significantly throughout their
vertical range.Comment: 18 (jgr journal) pages, 7 figure
Neutrino-Induced Giant Air Showers in Large Extra Dimension Models
In models based on large extra dimensions where massive spin 2 exchange can
dominate at high energies, the neutrino-proton cross section can rise to
typical hadronic values at energies above 10^20 eV. The neutrino then becomes a
candidate for the primary that initiates the highest energy cosmic ray showers.
We investigate characteristics of neutrino-induced showers compared to
proton-induced showers. The comparison includes study of starting depth,
profile with depth, lateral particle distribution at ground and muon lateral
distribution at ground level. We find that for cross sections above 20 mb there
are regions of parameter space where the two types of showers are essentially
indistinguishable. We conclude that the neutrino candidate hypothesis cannot be
ruled out on the basis of shower characteristics.Comment: 24 pages, latex, 19 figures; text discussion and references added,
typos corrected; figures and conclusions unchange
Recommended from our members
GAP WORK project report: training for youth practitioners on tackling gender-related violence
This project sought to challenge gender-related violence against (and by) children and young people by developing training for practitioners who have everyday contact with general populations of children and young people (âyouth practitionersâ). Through improved knowledge and understanding practitioners can better identify and challenge sexist, sexualising, homophobic or controlling language and behaviour, and know when and how to refer children and young people to the most appropriate support services. This summary outlines the Project and our initial findings about the success of the four training programmes developed and piloted.Co-funded by the DAPHNE III programme of the EU
Oblique Parameter Constraints on Large Extra Dimensions
We consider the Kaluza-Klein scenario in which gravity propagates in the
dimensional bulk of spacetime and the Standard Model particles are
confined to a 3-brane. We calculate the gauge boson self-energy corrections
arising from the exchange of virtual gravitons and present our results in the
-formalism. We find that the new physics contributions to , and
decouple in the limit that the string scale goes to infinity. The oblique
parameters constrain the lower limit on . Taking the quantum gravity
cutoff to be ,
-parameter constraints impose TeV for at the 1
level. -parameter constraints impose TeV for .Comment: Version to appear in PR
- âŠ