The Relationships Between the Level of Lignin, a Secondary Metabolite in Soybean Plant, and Aphid Resistance in Soybeans

In the present report, the relationship was discussed between the level of lignin-one of the secondary metabolites in soybean plant and the chemical defense reaction of soybean to the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Muts). Experimental results indicated that the cultivars with higher level of lignin are more resistant to the damage of aphids than those with lower level of lignin. Lignin is one of the compounds that are responsible to the chemical defense reaction of soybean. This finding laid a foundation for the elucidation of the mechanism of aphid resistance in plants and its biochemical basis.Originating text in Chinese.Citation: Hu, Qi, Zhao, Jianwei, Cui, Jianwen. (1993). The Relationships Between the Level of Lignin, a Secondary Metabolite in Soybean Plant, and Aphid Resistance in Soybeans. Plant Protection (Institute of Plant Protection, CAAS, China), 19(1), 8-9

Layer-by-Layer Assembly and Photocatalytic Activity of Titania Nanosheets on Coal Fly Ash Microspheres

In order to address the problem with titania distribution and recovery, series of Ti0.91O2/CFA photocatalysts (Ti0.91O2/CFA-n, n=2,4,6, and 8) were fabricated by assembling Ti0.91O2 nanosheets on coal fly ash (CFA) microspheres via the layer-by-layer assembly (LBLA) process and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), N2-sorption, and ultraviolet-visible absorption (UV-vis) techniques. The SEM images and UV-vis spectra illustrated that Ti0.91O2 nanosheets were immobilized successfully on the CFA by the LBLA approach and changed the characteristics of CFA noticeably. The photocatalytic activity of Ti0.91O2/CFA was evaluated by the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation. The results demonstrated that Ti0.91O2/CFA-6 showed the best photocatalytic activity among the series of Ti0.91O2/CFA irradiated for 60 min, with a decoloration rate above 43%. After photocatalysis, the Ti0.91O2/CFA could be easily separated and recycled from aqueous solution and Ti0.91O2 nanosheets were still anchored on the CFA

Cardiovascular disease risk by assigned treatment using the 2013 and 1998 obesity guidelines: Evaluation of Obesity Guidelines

The 1998 and the 2013 guidelines on management of overweight and obesity in adults provided algorithms for identification of patients to be treated with weight loss. To date the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the groups recommended or not recommended for weight loss treatment have not been estimated and compared

Role of hydrodynamic factors in controlling the formation and location of unconformity-related uranium deposits: insights from reactive-flow modeling

The role of hydrodynamic factors in controlling the formation and location of unconformity-related uranium (URU) deposits in sedimentary basins during tectonically quiet periods is investigated. A number of reactive-flow modeling experiments at the deposit scale were carried out by assigning different dip angles and directions to a fault and various permeabilities to hydrostratigraphic units). The results show that the fault dip angle and direction, and permeability of the hydrostratigraphic units govern the convection pattern, temperature distribution, and uranium mineralization. Avertical fault results in uranium mineralization at the bottom of the fault within the basement, while a dipping fault leads to precipitation of uraninite below the unconformity either away from or along the plane of the fault, depending on the fault permeability. A more permeable fault causes uraninite precipitates along the fault plane,whereas a less permeable one gives rise to the precipitation of uraninite away from it. No economic ore mineralization can form when either very low or very high permeabilities are assigned to the sandstone or basement suggesting that these units seem to have an optimal window of permeability for the formation of uranium deposits. Physicochemical parameters also exert an additional control in both the location and grade of URU deposits. These results indicate that the difference in size and grade of different URU deposits may result from variation in fluid flow pattern and physicochemical conditions, caused by the change in structural features and hydraulic properties of the stratigraphic units involved

Establishing Clonal Cell Lines with Endothelial-Like Potential from CD9(hi), SSEA-1(−) Cells in Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Embryoid Bodies

BACKGROUND: Differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into specific cell types with minimal risk of teratoma formation could be efficiently directed by first reducing the differentiation potential of ESCs through the generation of clonal, self-renewing lineage-restricted stem cell lines. Efforts to isolate these stem cells are, however, mired in an impasse where the lack of purified lineage-restricted stem cells has hindered the identification of defining markers for these rare stem cells and, in turn, their isolation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We describe here a method for the isolation of clonal lineage-restricted cell lines with endothelial potential from ESCs through a combination of empirical and rational evidence-based methods. Using an empirical protocol that we have previously developed to generate embryo-derived RoSH lines with endothelial potential, we first generated E-RoSH lines from mouse ESC-derived embryoid bodies (EBs). Despite originating from different mouse strains, RoSH and E- RoSH lines have similar gene expression profiles (r(2) = 0.93) while that between E-RoSH and ESCs was 0.83. In silico gene expression analysis predicted that like RoSH cells, E-RoSH cells have an increased propensity to differentiate into vasculature. Unlike their parental ESCs, E-RoSH cells did not form teratomas and differentiate efficiently into endothelial-like cells in vivo and in vitro. Gene expression and FACS analysis revealed that RoSH and E-RoSH cells are CD9(hi), SSEA-1(−) while ESCs are CD9(lo), SSEA-1(+). Isolation of CD9(hi), SSEA-1(−) cells that constituted 1%–10% of EB-derived cultures generated an E-RoSH-like culture with an identical E-RoSH-like gene expression profile (r(2) = 0.95) and a propensity to differentiate into endothelial-like cells. CONCLUSIONS: By combining empirical and rational evidence-based methods, we identified definitive selectable surface antigens for the isolation and propagation of lineage-restricted stem cells with endothelial-like potential from mouse ESCs

Theoretical Computational Model for Cylindrical Permanent Magnet Coupling

Permanent magnet coupling is extensively studied owing to its economic efficiency and stability. In this study, a computational model for cylindrical permanent magnet coupling (CPMC) was designed using the magnetic field division method to divide an air gap magnetic field. An equivalent magnetic circuit model was also designed based on the equivalent magnetic circuit method. The novelty of this study is that both the skin effect and the working point of the permanent magnet are taken into consideration to obtain the magnetic circuit and induce eddy current characteristics of permanent magnet coupling. Furthermore, a computational model was obtained for the transmission torque of the CPMC based on the principles of Faraday’s and Ampere’s laws. Additionally, the accuracy of the model was verified using a finite element simulation model and a test bench

Efficient

index-based KNN join processing for high-dimensional dat

Study of the Influence of Dynamic and Static Capillary Forces on Production in Low-Permeability Reservoirs

Low-permeability reservoirs have strong heterogeneity, and the production prediction based on traditional seepage model is not accurate enough. The dynamic capillary-force seepage model can characterize the dynamic heterogeneity of seepage and more accurately describe the oil–water flow process. In this paper, the calculation formula of the dynamic capillary force is obtained through a real low-permeability core experiment, and the seepage model of dynamic capillary force is established. Based on the model, the authors quantitatively study the effects of formation pressure, heterogeneity and production speed on dynamic capillary force through numerical solutions. It is found that compared with the traditional static capillary-force seepage model, the dynamic capillary-force seepage model makes the predicted water cut increase and the recovery factor decrease. With the increase in development time, formation pressure and production rate will make the effect of dynamic capillary force more obvious. According to the comparison of heterogeneous reservoir models, results show that the horizontal heterogeneity will strengthen the dynamic capillary-force effect, while the vertical heterogeneity will weaken the dynamic capillary-force effect. In the range of research parameters, the recovery ratio predicted by the dynamic capillary-force seepage model can be reduced by 4.7%. A new oil–water seepage model is proposed, which can characterize the spatial difference and dynamic change of low-permeability reservoirs with time. It is of great significance for describing the remaining oil distribution of low-permeability reservoirs in detail and making decisions on efficient EOR measures