SNAP-Ed evaluation framework in New Mexico

Presented at: Association of SNAP-Ed Nutrition Education Administrators; February 9, 2017. Arlington, VA.https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/prc-posters-presentations/1013/thumbnail.jp

Environmental Factors Influencing Drinking Water Consumption and Access in Rural Communities: Cuba, New Mexico

Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) contributes to increasing obesity rates because they are a highly caloric beverage with poor nutritional value. Substituting SSB consumption with water consumption will help to decrease obesity. Water consumption is affected by various factors, including water access, a clean water supply, SSB popularity, policies, recommendations, and individual perceptions. Little research has addressed water consumption in rural populations. We are investigating access to drinking water of residents of the rural multicultural town of Cuba, NM. A literature review is being conducted on the advantages of water consumption and adverse effects of SSBs. Field observations assessed access to water and water quality in schools. Federal, state and local requirements for water in schools are being reviewed. A modified version of the Nutrition Environment Measurements Survey will assess the availability and pricing of water in comparison to that of SSBs. An analysis of a transcribed meeting on community water consumption will provide information on the knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes of community members regarding their water supply and consumption rates. A geographic information system map will be used to document water sources and quality as previously determined by annual tests (2004-14). Our findings should provide information on environmental factors influencing water consumption in Cuba that inform development of a community guide to facilitate discussions about increasing water consumption in that community. This information will also contribute to research on increasing drinking water consumption in other rural communities.https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/prc-posters-presentations/1010/thumbnail.jp

Home Visiting: Discovering what works for increasing referrals

The purpose of this work was to identify barriers providers may experience with regard to referring patients to home visiting (HV) programs and to determine potential intervention strategies that could be used to increase provider referrals, initially in Bernalillo County

Sexual Violence Among New Mexicans Living With Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities

Sexual violence among people living with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) is highly prevalent in New Mexico and in the United States. More than one in four New Mexican adults with I/DD report a history of forced sex or attempted forced sex, compared to fewer than 1 in 10 among people without I/DD. Power imbalances between caregivers and clients, lack of sexuality education for people with I/DD, isolation, gaps in caregiver training, frequent staff turnover, a culture of ableism and compliance, and underreporting of sexual violence all contribute to disparities in sexual violence victimization

Understanding safe sleep knowledge and practices among New Mexico clinical staff

The objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of current safe sleep practices implemented by nurses, and demonstrated to families, in the infant-oriented units [e.g., the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU), Mother-Baby Units, and Labor and Delivery] of Albuquerque hospitals. The University of New Mexico Prevention Research Center (UNM PRC) also used data from the survey to inform a training session for clinical staff. The training was based on the most recent guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) on safe sleep, applied in a culturally appropriate context for staff and for staff to use with families. The training and surrounding supports, such as safe sleep audits on units, are intended to help ensure that families are learning best practices in the hospital to help reduce the risk of Sudden Unexplained Infant Death (SUID)/ Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) in New Mexico

Logarithmic bump conditions for Calderón-Zygmund operators on spaces of homogeneous type

The first author is supported by an NSF graduate fellowship. The second author is supported by the Stewart-Dorwart faculty development fund at Trinity College and by grant MTM2009-08934 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. The third author is supported by NSF grant 1201504.We establish two-weight norm inequalities for singular integral operators defined on spaces of homogeneous type. We do so first when the weights satisfy a double bump condition and then when the weights satisfy separated logarithmic bump conditions. Our results generalize recent work on the Euclidean case, but our proofs are simpler even in this setting. The other interesting feature of our approach is that we are able to prove the separated bump results (which always imply the corresponding double bump results) as a consequence of the double bump theorem

Using Pedestrian Counts to Assess Community-Wide Interventions to Increase Physical Activity in Rural Cuba, NM

Rural residents are often less active than urban and suburban residents. Reasons cited in the literature include certain environmental barriers such as lack of sidewalks, bike lanes, and affordable exercise facilities. The VIVA-Step Into Cuba project aims to address these barriers in Cuba, NM, by implementing community-wide interventions to increase physical activity. The aim of this study was to determine whether the implemented interventions resulted in an increase in walking over time. The data were collected according to methods established by the National Bicycle and Pedestrian Project. These methods included field observations performed by trained researchers and community members on three days of the week (Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday) during two time intervals (12 noon-2 pm and 5 pm-7 pm). The total sample included counts of pedestrians, bicyclists, and other non-motorized traffic obtained in the month of May from 2010-2015 and totaled 1,772 observations in three established locations. Data were characterized by type of traffic, location, gender, age, and year. Analysis showed a decline in travels over the study period, with an average decrease of 9. 08 people per year. There was an increase of about 5.2 pedestrians per year among individuals under the age of 18. Weather may have accounted for the decline, as rain was documented on observation dates for the last three years, while the first three were indicated as sunny or mild weather. These results will be used by the VIVA project to tailor further interventions to increase physical activity in rural communities in New Mexico.https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/prc-posters-presentations/1011/thumbnail.jp

Acculturation and the Risk of Violence among Hispanic Adolescents in the United States

Context: Violence among U.S. Hispanic adolescents is a significant public health problem. All Hispanics undergo the process of acculturation when adapting to life in the United States, but little is known about how acculturation affects their risk of violence. Lengthy acculturation scales are rarely available in national, population-based surveys, and single-item, proxy measures may not accurately capture the process of acculturation. Objectives: This research was conducted to accomplish two main objectives: 1) the validation of a proxy acculturation scale, and 2) the quantification of the association between acculturation level and interpersonal and intrapersonal violence. Methods: The validation analysis utilized the 1984 National Alcohol Survey (NAS), a nationally representative survey which included 1,437 U.S. Hispanic adults, to validate a proxy acculturation scale. The NAS acculturation scale was used as the gold standard against which the proxy scale was compared. The associational analyses were conducted using data from the first two waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health administered in 1995 and 1996. This dataset included a nationally representative, school-based sample of 2,298 U.S. Hispanic/Latino adolescents in grades 7 through 12. The associations between the exposure (acculturation level as measured by a 3-item proxy scale) and the outcomes (fighting, fight-related injury, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt) were evaluated. Results: The proxy acculturation scale had good internal reliability and good validity. The measure had better validity among adolescents of Mexican, Puerto Rican and Cuban heritage compared with those reporting other countries of origin. The odds of reporting a violent outcome were higher among U.S. Hispanic/Latino adolescents of moderate-to-high acculturation compared with those of low acculturation. The elevated risk remained after controlling for confounding. Effect modification by gender and country of origin was suggested. Conclusions: The PAS3 is a valid tool for measuring acculturation when use of a comprehensive acculturation scale is not feasible. U.S. Hispanic/Latino adolescents of moderate-to-high acculturation are at increased risk of violence compared with their less acculturated counterparts. The heterogeneity of the Hispanic population as well as acculturation level must be considered when designing and implementing violence research and prevention programs