Vida escolar

Partiendo de la base de que la Reforma Educativa ha tenido poco en cuenta la problemática del horario y del calendario escolar, una Inspectora de Enseñanza Primaria de la comarca leonesa del Bierzo muestra un número de encuestas que ha destinado a profesores y padres de los alumnos de Colegios Nacionales y de Escuelas Graduadas para saber su opinión al respecto. Analizando los resultados de tales encuestas, la inspectora ratifica gran parte de las sospechas sobre el déficit de la escuela en relación con la problemática del horario y del calendario escolar, que había intuido.Ministerio Educación CIDEBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

Vida escolar

El objetivo fundamental del trabajo consiste en facilitar a los Directores un documento que ofrezca las bases para la redacción de un reglamento de su centro de Educación General Básica, bien personalmente o a través de la colaboración del Claustro de Profesores. Se apoya en un Organigrama que ha sido utilizado como fundamento en la elaboración de las Bases para la redacción del texto articulado del Reglamento. Se establecen los siguientes apartados: .1 Generalidades. 2. Elementos personales. 3. Elementos docentes. 4. Elementos materiales. 5. Régimen administrativo. 6. Régimen económico.Ministerio Educación CIDEBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

Isolation and Structural Characterization of Bioactive Molecules on Prostate Cancer from Mayan Traditional Medicinal Plants

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men around the world. It is a complex and heterogeneous disease in which androgens and their receptors play a crucial role in the progression and development. The current treatment for prostate cancer is a combination of surgery, hormone therapy, radiation and chemotherapy. Therapeutic agents commonly used in the clinic include steroidal and non-steroidal anti-androgens, such as cyproterone acetate, bicalutamide and enzalutamide. These few agents have multiple adverse effects and are not 100% effective. Several plant compounds and mixtures, including grape seed polyphenol extracts, lycopene and tomato preparations, soy isoflavones, and green tea extracts, have been shown to be effective against prostate cancer cell growth. In vivo activity of some isolated compounds like capsaicin and curcumin was reported in prostate cancer murine models. We prepared a library of plant extracts from traditional Mayan medicine. These plants were selected for their use in the contemporaneous Mayan communities for the treatment of different diseases. The extracts were assessed in a phenotypic screening using LNCaP prostate cancer androgen sensitive cell line, with a fixed dose of 25 μg/mL. MTT assay identified seven out of ten plants with interesting anti-neoplastic activity. Extracts from these plants were subjected to a bioguided fractionation to study their major components. We identified three compounds with anti-neoplastic effects against LNCaP cells, one of which shows selectivity for neoplastic compared to benign cells

Tratamientos Psicológicos Empíricamente Apoyados Para la Infancia y Adolescencia: : Estado de la Cuestión

Background: The empirical evidence accumulated on the effi cacy, effectiveness, and effi ciency of psychotherapeutic treatments in children and adolescents calls for an update. The main goal of this paper objective was to carry out a selective review of empirically supported psychological treatments for a variety of common psychological disorders and problems in childhood and adolescence. Method: A review was carried out of the psychological treatments for different psychological disorders and problems in socialemotional or behavioral adjustment in the child-adolescent population according to the Spanish National Health System (Clinical Practice Guidelines) levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation. Results: The fi ndings suggest that psychological treatments have empirical support for addressing a wide range of psychological problems in these developmental stages. The degree of empirical support ranges from low to high depending on the phenomenon analyzed. The review suggests unequal progress in the different fi elds of intervention. Conclusions: From this update, psychologists will be able to make informed decisions when implementing those empirically supported treatments to address the problems that occur in childhood and adolescence.Antecedentes: la evidencia empírica acumulada en los últimos años sobre la efi cacia, efectividad y efi ciencia de los tratamientos psicológicos en la infancia y adolescencia reclama una actualización. El principal objetivo de este artículo es el de llevar a cabo una revisión de los tratamientos psicológicos empíricamente apoyados para una diversidad de problemas psicológicos habituales en la infancia y la adolescencia. Método: se revisan los tratamientos psicológicos para diferentes trastornos psicológicos y problemas en el ajuste socioemocional o conductual en población infanto-juvenil en función de los niveles de evidencia y grados de recomendación del Sistema Nacional de Salud de España (Guías de Práctica Clínica). Resultados: los hallazgos sugieren que los tratamientos psicológicos específi camente dirigidos a niños, niñas y adolescentes disponen de apoyo empírico para el abordaje de un amplio elenco de problemas psicológicos. Este grado de apoyo empírico oscila de bajo a alto en función del problema analizado. La revisión muestra un avance desigual en los diferentes campos de intervención. Conclusiones: a partir de esta actualización, los profesionales de la psicología podrán tomar decisiones informadas a la hora de implementar aquellas intervenciones psicológicas con apoyo empírico para el abordaje de los problemas en la infancia y la adolescenci

Epidemiology of surgery associated acute kidney injury (EPIS-AKI): a prospective international observational multi-center clinical study

Purpose: The incidence, patient features, risk factors and outcomes of surgery-associated postoperative acute kidney injury (PO-AKI) across different countries and health care systems is unclear. Methods: We conducted an international prospective, observational, multi-center study in 30 countries in patients undergoing major surgery (> 2-h duration and postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) or high dependency unit admission). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of PO-AKI within 72 h of surgery defined by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Secondary endpoints included PO-AKI severity and duration, use of renal replacement therapy (RRT), mortality, and ICU and hospital length of stay. Results: We studied 10,568 patients and 1945 (18.4%) developed PO-AKI (1236 (63.5%) KDIGO stage 1500 (25.7%) KDIGO stage 2209 (10.7%) KDIGO stage 3). In 33.8% PO-AKI was persistent, and 170/1945 (8.7%) of patients with PO-AKI received RRT in the ICU. Patients with PO-AKI had greater ICU (6.3% vs. 0.7%) and hospital (8.6% vs. 1.4%) mortality, and longer ICU (median 2 (Q1-Q3, 1-3) days vs. 3 (Q1-Q3, 1-6) days) and hospital length of stay (median 14 (Q1-Q3, 9-24) days vs. 10 (Q1-Q3, 7-17) days). Risk factors for PO-AKI included older age, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease), type, duration and urgency of surgery as well as intraoperative vasopressors, and aminoglycosides administration. Conclusion: In a comprehensive multinational study, approximately one in five patients develop PO-AKI after major surgery. Increasing severity of PO-AKI is associated with a progressive increase in adverse outcomes. Our findings indicate that PO-AKI represents a significant burden for health care worldwide