Nursing-Relevant Patient Outcomes and Clinical Processes in Data Science Literature: 2019 Year in Review

Data science continues to be recognized and used within healthcare due to the increased availability of large data sets and advanced analytics. It can be challenging for nurse leaders to remain apprised of this rapidly changing landscape. In this paper, we describe our findings from a scoping literature review of papers published in 2019 that use data science to explore, explain, and/or predict 15 phenomena of interest to nurses. Fourteen of the 15 phenomena were associated with at least one paper published in 2019. We identified the use of many contemporary data science methods (e.g., natural language processing, neural networks) for many of the outcomes. We found many studies exploring Readmissions and Pressure Injuries. The topics of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning Acceptance, Burnout, Patient Safety, and Unit Culture were poorly represented. We hope the studies described in this paper help readers: (a) understand the breadth and depth of data science’s ability to improve clinical processes and patient outcomes that are relevant to nurses and (b) identify gaps in the literature that are in need of exploration

Alteration in Growth and Development: A Nursing Diagnosis Validation Study

A professional profile questionnaire and a case study questionnaire depicting a child with delayed development was mailed to 200 nurses of the Michigan Nurses Association Division of Maternal and Child Health. Of the 60 respondents, 27 (45.8%) indicated a diagnosis in the category of altered development as primary diagnosis for the child and 50 (83.3%) indicated a diagnosis in this category as either primary or secondary diagnosis for the child. Expertise scores based on level of education attained, years of experience in maternal-child health and in nursing, and experience with children were found to be significantly related to diagnosis of altered development as either a primary or secondary diagnosis, but not to identification of over 75% of the cues which had been validated with content validity experts. Additionally, nurses with greater amounts of experience in nursing diagnosis were more likely to diagnose a developmental alteration

Child-parent reciprocal influences in exercise behavior.

Promotion of physical activity has received much attention in national health objectives. Family concordance in the performance of health behaviors, including exercise, has been a consistent research finding, but the processes that result in these similarities have not been fully examined. The primary purpose of this study, therefore, was to investigate parents' perceptions of their pre-adolescent/adolescent children's influence on their patterns of physical activity. A second purpose was to explore the importance of these perceptions in predicting parental exercise behavior. An adaptation of the Health Promotion Model (Pender, 1982; 1987; 1996) guided the study. A sample of 184 parents of children who had participated in a school-based study of exercise beliefs and habits responded to mailed surveys that explored beliefs in the benefits of and barriers to exercise, exercise self-efficacy, family flexibility, cohesion, and structure, perceptions of social support, modeling, norms and persuasion efforts offered by their children, and the nature and frequency of their own exercise. Descriptive results revealed no significant differences between mothers and fathers in the responses to the support, modeling, norms and persuasion (influence) items. Parents of boys reported efforts to exercise with the parent more frequently than was reported by the parents of girls; however, parents also reported of exercise efforts more frequently from sons than was reported for daughters. No group differences in perceptions of influence were found between African-American and Caucasian parents, one- and two-parent families, high and low flexibility and cohesion families, parents of preadolescents and adolescents, or those with one, two, or more children. The sample of fathers was too small to allow testing of the ability of the cognitions and interpersonal influences to predict behavior, but structural equation modeling with mothers' data revealed that the cognitions and influence variables accounted for 12% of the variance in their exercise frequency, while family variables were unrelated. Family variables were, however, associated with children's perceptions of social support from mothers for exercise, and with children's exercise frequency. It is recommended that subsequent investigations of family health behaviors should include examination of child to parent influence as a determinant of the behavior.Ph.D.Behavioral psychologyEducationHealth and Environmental SciencesHealth educationNursingPsychologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/130928/2/9825192.pd