130 research outputs found
Role of vanguard counter-potential in terahertz emission due to surface currents explicated by three-dimensional ensemble Monte Carlo simulation
The discovery that short pulses of near-infrared radiation striking a semiconductor may lead to emission of radiation at terahertz frequencies paved the way for terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Previous modeling has allowed the physical mechanisms to be understood in general terms but it has not fully explored the role of key physical parameters of the emitter material nor has it fully revealed the competing nature of the surface-field and photo-Dember effects. In this context, our purpose has been to more fully explicate the mechanisms of terahertz emission from transient currents at semiconductor surfaces and to determine the criteria for efficient emission. To achieve this purpose we employ an ensemble Monte Carlo simulation in three dimensions. To ground the calculations, we focus on a specific emitter, InAs. We separately vary distinct physical parameters to determine their specific contribution. We find that scattering as a whole has relatively little impact on the terahertz emission. The emission is found to be remarkably resistant to alterations of the dark surface potential. Decreasing the band gap leads to a strong increase in terahertz emission, as does decreasing the electronmass. Increasing the absorption dramatically influences the peak-peak intensity and peak shape. We conclude that increasing absorption is the most direct path to improve surface-current semiconductor terahertz emitters. We find for longer pump pulses that the emission is limited by a newly identified vanguard counter-potential mechanism: Electrons at the leading edge of longer laser pulses repel subsequent electrons. This discovery is the main result of our work
Modulation of crystal and electronic structures in topological insulators by rare-earth doping
We study magnetotransport in a rare earth doped topological insulator,
Sm0.1Sb1.9Te3 single crystals, under magnetic fields up to 14 T. It is found
that that the crystals exhibit Shubnikov de Haas oscillations in their
magneto-transport behaviour at low temperatures and high magnetic fields. The
SdH oscillations result from the mixed contributions of bulk and surface
states. We also investigate the SdH oscillations in different orientations of
the magnetic field, which reveals a three dimensional Fermi surface topology.
By fitting the oscillatory resistance with the Lifshitz Kosevich theory, we
draw a Landau-level fan diagram that displays the expected nontrivial phase. In
addition, the density functional theory calculations shows that Sm doping
changes the crystal structure and electronic structure compared with pure
Sb2Te3. This work demonstrates that rare earth doping is an effective way to
manipulate the Fermi surface of topological insulators. Our results hold
potential for the realization of exotic topological effects in magnetic
topological insulators.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure
Photocatalytic oxidation of methane over silver decorated zinc oxide nanocatalysts
The search for active catalysts that efficiently oxidize methane under ambient conditions remains a challenging task for both C1 utilization and atmospheric cleansing. Here, we show that when the particle size of zinc oxide is reduced down to the nanoscale, it exhibits high activity for methane oxidation under simulated sunlight illumination, and nano silver decoration further enhances the photo-activity via the surface plasmon resonance. The high quantum yield of 8% at wavelengths \u3c 400 nm and over 0.1% at wavelengths ¿ 470 nm achieved on the silver decorated zinc oxide nanostructures shows great promise for atmospheric methane oxidation. Moreover, the nano-particulate composites can efficiently photo-oxidize other small molecular hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane and ethylene, and in particular, can dehydrogenize methane to generate ethane, ethylene and so on. On the basis of the experimental results, a two-step photocatalytic reaction process is suggested to account for the methane photo-oxidation
Quantum oscillations of robust topological surface states up to 50 K in thick bulk-insulating topological insulator
As personal electronic devices increasingly rely on cloud computing for energy-intensive calculations, the power consumption associated with the information revolution is rapidly becoming an important environmental issue. Several approaches have been proposed to construct electronic devices with low-energy consumption. Among these, the low-dissipation surface states of topological insulators (TIs) are widely employed. To develop TI-based devices, a key factor is the maximum temperature at which the Dirac surface states dominate the transport behavior. Here, we employ Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations (SdH) as a means to study the surface state survival temperature in a high-quality vanadium doped Bi1.08Sn0.02Sb0.9Te2S single crystal system. The temperature and angle dependence of the SdH show that: (1) crystals with different vanadium (V) doping levels are insulating in the 3-300 K region; (2) the SdH oscillations show two-dimensional behavior, indicating that the oscillations arise from the pure surface states; and (3) at 50 K, the V0.04 single crystals (Vx:Bi1.08-xSn0.02Sb0.9Te2S, where x = 0.04) still show clear sign of SdH oscillations, which demonstrate that the surface dominant transport behavior can survive above 50 K. The robust surface states in our V doped single crystal systems provide an ideal platform to study the Dirac fermions and their interaction with other materials above 50 K
Study of the B-site ion behaviour in the multiferroic perovskite bismuth iron chromium oxide
A simple, near-ambient pressure solid-state method was developed to nominally synthesize
BiFe0.5Cr0.5O3. The procedure allowed the gram-scale production of multiferroic samples with
appreciable purity and large amounts of Cr incorporation that were suitable for systematic structural investigation by neutron, X-ray, and electron diffraction in tandem with physical characterization of magnetic and ferroelectric properties. The rhombohedrally distorted perovskite phase was
assigned to the space group R3c by way of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction analysis. Through
a combination of magnetometry and muon spin relaxation, it is evident that there is magnetic ordering in the BFCO phase consistent with G-type antiferromagnetism and a TN 400 K. There is no
clear evidence for chemical ordering of Fe and Cr in the B-site of the perovskite structure and this
result is rationalized by density functional theory and bond valence simulations that show a lowered energy associated with a B-site disordered structure. We believe that our contribution of a
new, low-complexity method for the synthesis of BFO type samples, and dialogue about realising
certain types of ordering in oxide perovskite systems, will assist in the further development of
multiferroics for next-generation devices. Published by AIP Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5020305B.R.M., J.L., A.B., D.L.C., T.L., R.L.W., N.N., and
Y.L. acknowledge the support of the Australian Research
Council (ARC) in the form of Discovery Projects (No.
DP160104780). A.B., D.L.C., N.N., D.Y. and authors thank
the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology
Organisation (ANSTO) for facilities and financial support
and also thank the Echidna instrument scientists for their
expertise
Ionic and electronic properties of the topological insulator BiTeSe investigated using -detected nuclear magnetic relaxation and resonance of Li
We report measurements on the high temperature ionic and low temperature
electronic properties of the 3D topological insulator BiTeSe using
ion-implanted Li -detected nuclear magnetic relaxation and
resonance. With implantation energies in the range 5-28 keV, the probes
penetrate beyond the expected range of the topological surface state, but are
still within 250 nm of the surface. At temperatures above ~150 K, spin-lattice
relaxation measurements reveal isolated Li diffusion with an
activation energy eV and attempt frequency s for atomic site-to-site hopping. At lower
temperature, we find a linear Korringa-like relaxation mechanism with a field
dependent slope and intercept, which is accompanied by an anomalous field
dependence to the resonance shift. We suggest that these may be related to a
strong contribution from orbital currents or the magnetic freezeout of charge
carriers in this heavily compensated semiconductor, but that conventional
theories are unable to account for the extent of the field dependence.
Conventional NMR of the stable host nuclei may help elucidate their origin.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
NASICON-type air-stable and all-climate cathode for sodium-ion batteries with low cost and high-power density
The development of low-cost and long-lasting all-climate cathode materials for the sodium ion battery has been one of the key issues for the success of large-scale energy storage. One option is the utilization of earth-abundant elements such as iron. Here, we synthesize a NASICON-type tuneable Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7)/C nanocomposite which shows both excellent rate performance and outstanding cycling stability over more than 4400 cycles. Its air stability and all-climate properties are investigated, and its potential as the sodium host in full cells has been studied. A remarkably low volume change of 4.0% is observed. Its high sodium diffusion coefficient has been measured and analysed via first-principles calculations, and its three-dimensional sodium ion diffusion pathways are identified. Our results indicate that this low-cost and environmentally friendly Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7)/C nanocomposite could be a competitive candidate material for sodium ion batteries
Highly Efficient Visible Light Catalysts Driven by Ti3+-V-O-2Ti(4+)-N3- Defect Clusters
Local defect structures play significant roles on material properties, but they are seriously neglected in the design, synthesis, and development of highly efficient TiO2‐based visible light catalysts (VLCs). Here, we take anatase TiO2 nanocrystals that contain (Ti3+, N3−) ions and have the complicated chemical formula of (urn:x-wiley:2199692X:media:cnma201800400:cnma201800400-math-0001 )(urn:x-wiley:2199692X:media:cnma201800400:cnma201800400-math-0002 □z) as an example, and point out that the formation of Ti3+‐VO‐2Ti4+‐N3− local defect clusters is a key missing step for significantly enhancing VLC properties of host TiO2 nanocrystals. Experimental and theoretical investigations also demonstrate the emergent behaviors of these intentionally introduced defect clusters for developing highly efficient VLCs. This research thus not only provides highly efficient visible light catalysts for various practical applications but also addresses the significance of local defect structures on modifying material properties.Q. Sun, D. Cortie, T. J. Frankcome, N. Cox and Y. Liu acknowledge the supports of the Australian Research Council in the form of Discovery Projects and the ARC Future Fellowships program. S. Zhang and W. Shi thank the support from CAS (1A1111KYSB20180017, XDB17030000)
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