Self-duality in Generalized Lorentz Superspaces

We extend the notion of self-duality to spaces built from a set of representations of the Lorentz group with bosonic or fermionic behaviour, not having the traditional spin-one upper-bound of super Minkowski space. The generalized derivative vector fields on such superspaces are assumed to form a superalgebra. Introducing corresponding gauge potentials and hence covariant derivatives and curvatures, we define generalized self-duality as the Lorentz covariant vanishing of certain irreducible parts of the curvatures.Comment: 6 pages, Late

Results of free yaw tests of the Mod-O 100 kilowatt wind turbine

Tests were conducted on the Mod-O 100 kW experimental wind turbine to provide data on yaw alignment characteristics of a large horizontal axis wind turbine with its yaw restraint removed (i.e., in free yaw). The wind turbine consisted of a downwind horizontal axis rotor mounted on a tubular tower. Three rotor configurations were tested. Each rotor was teetered, coned 3 deg and tip-controlled. Two of the rotors had pitch-flap coupling or Delta-3, and one rotor had none. The two rotors with Delta-3 differed in the airfoil used in the tip sections. Test results indicate the rotor without pitch-flap coupling did not align closer than 25 deg with the wind, and pitch-flap coupling improved the wind turbine's alignment with the wind. Yaw damping was shown to have a favorable effect on free yaw characteristics. The change in the tip airfoil section was shown to affect the free yaw alignment also. The rotors with Delta-3 were shown to be capable of responding to wind shifts and exhibited stable operating properties

Stall induced instability of a teetered rotor

Recent tests on the 38m Mod-0 horizontal experimental wind turbine yielded quantitative information on stall induced instability of a teetered rotor. Tests were conducted on rotor blades with NACA 230 series and NACA 643-618 airfoils at low rotor speeds to produce high angles of attack at relatively low wind speeds and power levels. The behavior of the rotor shows good agreement with predicted rotor response based on blade angle of attack calculations and airfoil section properties. The untwisted blades with the 64 series airfoil sections had a slower rate of onset of rotor instability when compared with the twisted 230 series blades, but high teeter angles and teeter stop impacts were experienced with both rotors as wind speeds increased to produce high angles of attack on the outboard portion of the blade. The relative importance of blade twist and airfoil section stall characteristics on the rate of onset of rotor unstability with increasing wind speed was not established however. Blade pitch was shown to be effective in eliminating rotor instability at the expense of some loss in rotor performance near rated wind speed

Measured performance of a tip-controlled, teetered rotor with an NACA 64 sub 3-618 tip airfoil

Tests were conducted on the Mod-O 100 kW Wind Turbine to determine the performance of a tip-controlled rotor having an NACA 64 sub-618 airfoil over the moveable outboard 30% of the blade, while operating at nominal rotor speeds of 21 and 31 rpm. Tests were conducted at two rotor speeds to assess the performance improvement which could be realized with 2-speed operation. Test data are compared with analytical predictions and concluding remarks are presented. The results indicate a clear performance improvement for the 2-speed operation

Comparison of upwind and downwind rotor operations of the DOE/NASA 100-kW Mod-O wind turbine

Three aspects of the test results are compared: rotor blade bending loads, rotor teeter response, and nacelle yaw moments. As a result of the tests, it is shown that while mean flatwise bending moments were unaffected by the placement of the rotor, cyclic flatwise bending tended to increase with wind speed for the downwind rotor while remaining somewhat uniform with wind speed for the upwind rotor, reflecting the effects of increased flow disturbance for a downwind rotor. Rotor teeter response was not significantly affected by the rotor location relative to the tower, but appears to reflect reduced teeter stability near rated wind speed for both configurations. Teeter stability appears to return above wind speed, however. Nacelle yaw moments are higher for the upwind rotor but do not indicate significant design problems for either configuration

The effect of yaw on horizontal axis wind turbine loading and performance

The Mod-0 100 kW experimental wind turbine was tested to determine the effects of yaw on rotor power, blade loads and teeter response. The wind turbine was operated for extended periods at yaw angles up to 49 deg to define average or mean response to yaw. It was determined that the effect of yaw on rotor power can be approximated by the cube of the velocity normal to the rotor disc as long as the yaw angle is less than 30 deg. Blade bending loads were relatively unaffected by yaw, but teeter angle increased with wind speed as the magnitude of the yaw angle exceeded 30 deg indicating a potential for teeter stop impacts at large yaw angles. No other adverse effects due to yaw were noted during the tests

Antarctic Meteorites: A Statistical Look at a Uniquely Valuable Resource

As of the end of the 2018-19 field season, the U.S. Antarctic meteorite program has surpassed 23,000 meteorites collected. The U.S. collection is valuable in that it is classified in its entirety. The systematic methods employed to collect the meteorites have provided meteorites of more than 40 types, many of which are the first of their type ever recognized. One of the early drivers for consistent and methodical characterization of the entire U.S. Antarctic collection was to allow statistical comparisons. Early statistical assessments of the U.S. Antarctic collection examined mass distributions and the relative frequency of meteorite types as well as comparisons to a defined set of modern falls. Using these statistics argued that the flux of H chondrites changed over time used model size distributions to deconstruct the contribution of wind movement, meteorite supply and search losses to the Antarctic collection. Mass-based statistics and size distribution comparisons were examined by investigated various aspects of the statistics, including comparison with modern falls/Saharan finds. Also discuss geospatial statistics provides a comprehensive overview of the statistics of the Antarctic collections for the first 35 seasons of U.S. collection by ANSMET. Here we build upon that assessment and that from

Supersymmetric D-brane Bound States with B-field and Higher Dimensional Instantons on Noncommutative Geometry

We classify supersymmetric D0-Dp bound states with a non-zero B-field by considering T-dualities of intersecting branes at angles. Especially, we find that the D0-D8 system with the B-field preserves 1/16, 1/8 and 3/16 of supercharges if the B-field satisfies the ``(anti-)self-dual'' condition in dimension eight. The D0-branes in this system are described by eight dimensional instantons on non-commutative R^8. We also discuss the extended ADHM construction of the eight-dimensional instantons and its deformation by the B-field. The modified ADHM equations admit a sort of the `fuzzy sphere' (embeddings of SU(2)) solution.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX file, typos corrected and references adde

Seeing the Light: Advancing Materials Chemistry through Photopolymerization

The application of photochemistry to polymer and material science has led to the development of complex yet efficient systems for polymerization, polymer post-functionalization, and advanced materials production. Using light to activate chemical reaction pathways in these systems not only leads to exquisite control over reaction dynamics, but also allows complex synthetic protocols to be easily achieved. Compared to polymerization systems mediated by thermal, chemical, or electrochemical means, photoinduced polymerization systems can potentially offer more versatile methods for macromolecular synthesis. We highlight the utility of light as an energy source for mediating photopolymerization, and present some promising examples of systems which are advancing materials production through their exploitation of photochemistry

Upscaling single unit monomer insertion to synthesize discrete oligomers

As one of the emerging techniques for preparing discrete oligomers, the photo-RAFT single unit monomer insertion (SUMI) process has shown its uniqueness and superiority in the control of both monomer sequence and stereochemistry. However, current precision polymer synthesis techniques are still burdened by the scalability challenges, such as low reaction yields, small product quantities, and long production times. Herein, we successfully established a practical protocol to address scalability problems in the photo-RAFT SUMI processes. A series of discrete oligomers containing up to five monomer units were synthesized in batch and flow reactors by sequential and alternating SUMI of two monomers into a trithiocarbonate RAFT agent under mild reaction conditions and purified by automated flash chromatography. This protocol offers the process with large quantity (grams scale), excellent isolated yields (82%–95% for each step and 59% for five iterations), and short production time (several days for a pentamer). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1947–1955