5 research outputs found
Study of the glutamate dependant regulation of AMPA receptor mobility and of its physiological role
Les récepteurs AMPA (rAMPA) sont les récepteurs ionotropiques du glutamate responsables de la majeure partie des courants excitateurs rapides dans la transmission synaptique rapide. Lors de la libération de glutamate, le rAMPA passe par 3 états conformationnels majoritaires : pore fermé/agoniste non lié, pore ouvert/agoniste lié et pore fermé/agoniste lié. Le contrôle du nombre et de l’organisation dans la synapse des rAMPA, via une combinaison de diffusion latérale et d’endo/exocytose, est essentiel à la régulation de l’intensité de la transmission synaptique. Les interactions existant entre les protéines de la densité post-synaptique et les protéines partenaires des récepteurs régulent la diffusion des récepteurs, contrôlant leur nombre et leur organisation à la post-synapse. Mon travail de thèse a consisté à étudier l’impact de l’activation des rAMPA sur leur mobilité et leur organisation à la post-synapse. En effet, la fixation de glutamate sur les récepteurs ainsi que leur désensibilisation entraînent des modifications structurales majeures affectant leurs interactions avec les protéines d’échafaudage et les protéines accessoires. L’impact de telles modifications sur les propriétés de diffusion et sur l’organisation sub-synaptique de ces rAMPA était jusqu’à présent inconnu. Mes travaux démontrent une mobilisation des rAMPA synaptiques consécutivement à leur activation par le glutamate. A l’échelle moléculaire, je propose que le passage de l’état activé à l’état désensibilisé des rAMPA entraîne un changement d’affinité de ces derniers pour une de leur protéine partenaire : la Stargazin. Cette régulation glutamate dépendante de la diffusion des rAMPA participe au maintien de la fidélité de la transmission synaptique rapide.AMPA receptors (AMPAR) are ionotropic glutamate receptors which are responsible for the vast majority of fast excitatory synaptic currents in fast transmission. Upon release of glutamate, AMPAR undergo three main conformational states: pore closed/agonist unbound, pore open/agonist bound and pore closed/agonist bound. Controlling the number of AMPAR and their organization in the synapse, through a combination of lateral diffusion and endo/exocytosis, is essential to regulate the intensity of synaptic transmission. The interactions between proteins of the post-synaptic density and accessory receptor proteins regulate the distribution of receptors, controlling their number and organization in the post-synapse. During my PhD, I studied the impact of AMPAR activation on their mobility and organization in the post-synapse. Indeed, the binding of glutamate to AMPAR and their following desensitization lead to major structural changes on the receptor which impacts on their interactions with scaffolding proteins and accessory proteins. The impact of such modifications on the lateral diffusion and sub-synaptic organization of AMPAR was not known yet. My findings show a mobilization of synaptic AMPAR following their activation by glutamate. At the molecular level, I suggest that the transition from the activated state to the desensitized state of AMPAR leads to a change in affinity of the receptor for their partner protein: Stargazin. This glutamate dependent regulation of AMPAR diffusion participates in maintaining the fidelity of fast synaptic transmission
Study of the glutamate dependant regulation of AMPA receptor mobility and of its physiological role
Les récepteurs AMPA (rAMPA) sont les récepteurs ionotropiques du glutamate responsables de la majeure partie des courants excitateurs rapides dans la transmission synaptique rapide. Lors de la libération de glutamate, le rAMPA passe par 3 états conformationnels majoritaires : pore fermé/agoniste non lié, pore ouvert/agoniste lié et pore fermé/agoniste lié. Le contrôle du nombre et de l’organisation dans la synapse des rAMPA, via une combinaison de diffusion latérale et d’endo/exocytose, est essentiel à la régulation de l’intensité de la transmission synaptique. Les interactions existant entre les protéines de la densité post-synaptique et les protéines partenaires des récepteurs régulent la diffusion des récepteurs, contrôlant leur nombre et leur organisation à la post-synapse. Mon travail de thèse a consisté à étudier l’impact de l’activation des rAMPA sur leur mobilité et leur organisation à la post-synapse. En effet, la fixation de glutamate sur les récepteurs ainsi que leur désensibilisation entraînent des modifications structurales majeures affectant leurs interactions avec les protéines d’échafaudage et les protéines accessoires. L’impact de telles modifications sur les propriétés de diffusion et sur l’organisation sub-synaptique de ces rAMPA était jusqu’à présent inconnu. Mes travaux démontrent une mobilisation des rAMPA synaptiques consécutivement à leur activation par le glutamate. A l’échelle moléculaire, je propose que le passage de l’état activé à l’état désensibilisé des rAMPA entraîne un changement d’affinité de ces derniers pour une de leur protéine partenaire : la Stargazin. Cette régulation glutamate dépendante de la diffusion des rAMPA participe au maintien de la fidélité de la transmission synaptique rapide.AMPA receptors (AMPAR) are ionotropic glutamate receptors which are responsible for the vast majority of fast excitatory synaptic currents in fast transmission. Upon release of glutamate, AMPAR undergo three main conformational states: pore closed/agonist unbound, pore open/agonist bound and pore closed/agonist bound. Controlling the number of AMPAR and their organization in the synapse, through a combination of lateral diffusion and endo/exocytosis, is essential to regulate the intensity of synaptic transmission. The interactions between proteins of the post-synaptic density and accessory receptor proteins regulate the distribution of receptors, controlling their number and organization in the post-synapse. During my PhD, I studied the impact of AMPAR activation on their mobility and organization in the post-synapse. Indeed, the binding of glutamate to AMPAR and their following desensitization lead to major structural changes on the receptor which impacts on their interactions with scaffolding proteins and accessory proteins. The impact of such modifications on the lateral diffusion and sub-synaptic organization of AMPAR was not known yet. My findings show a mobilization of synaptic AMPAR following their activation by glutamate. At the molecular level, I suggest that the transition from the activated state to the desensitized state of AMPAR leads to a change in affinity of the receptor for their partner protein: Stargazin. This glutamate dependent regulation of AMPAR diffusion participates in maintaining the fidelity of fast synaptic transmission
Dynamic superresolution imaging of endogenous proteins on living cells at ultra-high density
ABSTRACT Versatile superresolution imaging methods, able to give dynamic information of endogenous molecules at high density, are still lacking in biological science. Here, superresolved images and diffusion maps of membrane proteins are obtained on living cells. The method consists of recording thousands of single-molecule trajectories that appear sequentially on a cell surface upon continuously labeling molecules of interest. It allows studying any molecules that can be labeled with fluorescent ligands including endogenous membrane proteins on living cells. This approach, named universal PAINT (uPAINT), generalizes the previously developed point-accumulation-for-imaging-in-nanoscale-topography (PAINT) method for dynamic imaging of arbitrary membrane biomolecules. We show here that the unprecedented large statistics obtained by uPAINT on single cells reveal local diffusion properties of specific proteins, either in distinct membrane compartments of adherent cells or in neuronal synapses
Dynamic Superresolution Imaging of Endogenous Proteins on Living Cells at Ultra-High Density
Versatile superresolution imaging methods, able to give dynamic information of endogenous molecules at high density, are still lacking in biological science. Here, superresolved images and diffusion maps of membrane proteins are obtained on living cells. The method consists of recording thousands of single-molecule trajectories that appear sequentially on a cell surface upon continuously labeling molecules of interest. It allows studying any molecules that can be labeled with fluorescent ligands including endogenous membrane proteins on living cells. This approach, named universal PAINT (uPAINT), generalizes the previously developed point-accumulation-for-imaging-in-nanoscale-topography (PAINT) method for dynamic imaging of arbitrary membrane biomolecules. We show here that the unprecedented large statistics obtained by uPAINT on single cells reveal local diffusion properties of specific proteins, either in distinct membrane compartments of adherent cells or in neuronal synapses
Glutamate-induced AMPA receptor desensitization increases their mobility and modulates short-term plasticity through unbinding from stargazin
Short-term plasticity of AMPAR currents during high-frequency stimulation depends not only on presynaptic transmitter release and postsynaptic AMPAR recovery from desensitization, but also on fast AMPAR diffusion. How AMPAR diffusion within the synapse regulates synaptic transmission on the millisecond scale remains mysterious. Using single-molecule tracking, we found that, upon glutamate binding, synaptic AMPAR diffuse faster. Using AMPAR stabilized in different conformational states by point mutations and pharmacology, we show that desensitized receptors bind less stargazin and are less stabilized at the synapse than receptors in opened or closed-resting states. AMPAR mobility-mediated regulation of short-term plasticity is abrogated when the glutamate-dependent loss in AMPAR-stargazin interaction is prevented. We propose that transition from the activated to the desensitized state leads to partial loss in AMPAR-stargazin interaction that increases AMPAR mobility and allows faster recovery from desensitization-mediated synaptic depression, without affecting the overall nano-organization of AMPAR in synapses