Authoritarian Neoliberalism and Democratic Backsliding in Turkey: Beyond the Narratives of Progress

Unpacking the core themes that are discussed in this collection, this article both offers a research agenda to re-analyse Turkey’s ‘authoritarian turn’ and mounts a methodological challenge to the conceptual frameworks that reinforce a strict analytical separation between the ‘economic’ and the ‘political’ factors. The paper problematises the temporal break in scholarly analyses of the AKP period and rejects the argument that the party’s methods of governance have shifted from an earlier ‘democratic’ model – defined by ‘hegemony’ – to an emergent ‘authoritarian’ one. In contrast, by retracing the mechanisms of the state-led reproduction of neoliberalism since 2003, the paper demonstrates that the party’s earlier ‘hegemonic’ activities were also shaped by authoritarian tendencies which manifested at various levels of governance

Fimbrial hemagglutinins in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PubMed ID: 2273249Eleven Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were isolated from urine specimens which were examined for their ability to produce hemagglutinins (HAs). Bacteria were grown under various culture conditions. Suspension of bacteria grown in broth or on Phosphate-buffered nutrient agar (PBA) were tested for agglutination in the presence and absence of 2% (w/v) D-mannose, on rockedtiles at 4 degrees C and ambient temperature with mangroup-O(M), fowl(F), ox(O), guinea-pig(G), horse (H), rabbit (R) and sheep (S) erythrocytes and tannic acid treated, but not fresh oxen erythrocytes. Each of the 11 strains was hemagglutinating. Ten strains (99%) producing two or three hemagglutinins (HAs), were multiple hemagglutinating. One strain produced only mannose-resistant, Klebsiella, the "Tanned ox hemagglutinin" (MR/K-HA). Solely mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MS/HA) was not produced by any of the strains. No mannose-sensitive hemagglutinating strains acted on sheep erythrocytes. Three main kinds of hemagglutinin (HA) were detected. These were: (a) a mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MS-HA); (b) a mannose resistant, Klebsiella, the "tanned ox hemagglutinin (MR/K-HA); (c) mannose-resistant, Proteus hemagglutinin (MR/P-HA). All strains (100%) produced MR/K-HA, 45% of MR/K-HA+ strains produced MR/P-HA at 37 degrees C and 99% of all strains produced MS/HA, MR/P-HA activity was never dependent on MR/K-HA: Electronmicroscopic examination of bacteria showed that all strains were fimbriate

Microbial contamination of eye drops

PubMed ID: 11505742The microbial contamination of eye drops at the Eye Clinic was studied. In total 92 eye drop bottles were examined. 43 bottles were opened and used and 49 were unopened and sealed. The contamination rate was found to be 10.2 % in unopened bottles and 34.8 % in opened bottles. The opened bottles had been used for two weeks. Six of the samples yielded coagulase-negative Staphylococci and nine samples yielded one or two different microorganisms. The contamination rate in bottles containing the preservative benzalkonium chloride was 34.4 %. Among unopened eye drop bottles two samples yielded S. aureus, two coagulase-negative Staphylococci and one Bacillus spp

Investigation of the bactericidal effects of vancomycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin on Staphylococcus aureus isolates

The present study aimed to determine the correlation between the bactericidal activity of vancomycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin (Q/D) on Staphylococcus aureus isolates and their minimal inhibition concentrations. The in-vitro susceptibilities of the 99 S. aureus isolates to vancomycin and Q/D were investigated by agar dilution. Thirty methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 30 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) vancomycin and Q/D susceptible isolates were involved in time-kill studies. While both MRSA and MSSA isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, 96% of both isolates were determined as susceptible to Q/D. In the time-kill test, after 6 h of incubation vancomycin exhibited a bactericidal activity of 90% on MRSA and 100% on MSSA isolates. On the other hand, in the same incubation period Q/D was 47% and 93% bactericidal for MRSA and MSSA isolates, respectively. After 24 h of incubation, while vancomycin was bactericidal for all MRSA and MSSA isolates, Q/D exhibited a bactericidal activity of 93% on MRSA isolates and 97% on MSSA isolates

Expression of P fimbriae of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains

The occurrence of P fimbriae in a total of 222 uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains was investigated. Out of the total, 31 (14%) were P fimbriated. Of 24 pyelonephritogenic E. coli strains, three (13%) with P fimbriae occurred in children with clinical pyelonephritis, and of 198 E. coli strains 29 (15%) occurred in children with cystitis. Prevalence of P fimbriae of E. coli strains was found to be quite similar in patients with cystitis and pyelonephritis

İn vitro activity of linezolid in combination with vancomycin, teicoplanin, fusidic acid, and ciprofloxacin against gram-positive pathogens [Gram-pozitif patojenler üzerine linezolidin, vankomisin, teikoplanin, fusidik asit ve siprofloksasin ile kombinasyonlari·ni·n in vitro aktivitesi]

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate in vitro activities of linezolid combined with vancomycin, teicoplanin, fusidic acid, and ciprofloxacin against Gram-positive pathogens. Material and Methods: This study was conducted at Ege University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology. Clinical isolates used in this study were obtained retrospectively from the collection of Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Bacteriology Laboratory. Minimal inhibitor concentrations (MICs) of test strains_methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA), Mu50 (vancomycin intermediate S. aureus strain), methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis (MSSE), methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE), vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis (VSE) and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (VRE)) were determined by microdilution method. Time-kill studies were performed over 24 h using an inoculum of 5 × 106 and 1 × 107 CFU/mL. Antibiotics were tested at concentrations 1× and 4 × MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration). Results: Synergy was detected between linezolid plus teicoplanin and fusidic acid at 1 × MIC concentrations in MSSA strain. In MRSE strain, linezolid showed the same effect with fusidic acid at 1×MIC. Antagonistic effect was found linezolid plus vancomycin and teicoplanin (4 × MIC) in VSE and linezolid plus ciprofloxacin (4 × MIC) in MRSE strain. Conclusion: In this study, linezolid plus fusidic acid appeared to be the most active combination against Gram-positive pathogens. © 2010 by Türkiye Klinikleri

A case of oroantral fistula secondary to malignant fibrous histiocytoma

PubMedID: 7957293[No abstract available