Production of Spirulina platensis Using Dry Chicken Manure and Use as A Natural Pigment Source in Laying Hens

Spirulina (blue-green alga) is one of the high quality natural feed additives that can be used in animal and poultry nutrition. Spirulina is generally regarded as a rich source of protein, vitamins, essential amino acids, minerals, essential fatty acids like y-linolenic acid (GLA) and antioxidant pigments like carotenoids. The pigment composition of Spirulina is typical of cyanobacteria. The only chlorophyll present is chlorophyll a, its content varying from 0.8 to 1.5 per cent of dry weight. The xanthophyll content of freeze-dried Spirulina is considerable, reaching 6.9 g/kg. The other major carotenoids are myxoxanthophyll (37 per cent), a monocyclic carotenoid attached to rhamnose, ß-carotene (28 per cent) and zeaxanthin. As a result Spirulina has been produced commercially for about forty years and sold primarily as a food coloring. Egg yellow color is the most important factor affecting egg quality. Spirulina is an excellent source of nutrition and provides a superior natural source of carotenoids that are extremely effective in coloring egg yolks. The present study was consist of two stages. In the first stage of the experiment, Spirulina was grown dried layer poultry manure and the second stage added to the laying hens rations as natural pigment additive. Thirty eight weeks old layers were divided into 4 groups comprising 18 birds in each. The hens were fed standard layer diets containing %0, %0.5, %1 and %2 Spirulina powder for 8 weeks period. The results showed that significant increase in egg yolk colour was observed in the treatments. Spirulina inclusion have significant effect on egg yolk score L and a (p<.0001)

Effect Of Organic Based Trace Mineral Plus Vitamin D Mixture On Egg Production And Egg Shell Quality Of Broiler Breeder Hens

The present study was aimed to determine effect of organic based mineral plus vitamin D mixture containing zinc, manganese, iron, copper, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, and vitamin D on egg production and egg shell quality of broiler breeder hens. The study was carried out at The Research and Development Polultry Facility of Çukurova University. A total of 200 Ross 308 broiler breeder hens were divided into four treatment groups with 5 replicates of 10 birds each. Control group was fed a diet formulated without organic mineral/vitamin mixture and other other three groups' diet were supplemented with 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kg/tonne organic mineral/vitamin mixture respectively. According to data obtained in the first four weeks of trial showed that organic mineral/vitamin mixture supplement increased egg production, egg weight and mass. Feed conversion efficiency was numerically greater in broiler laying hens fed the supplemented diet. The supplement increased eggshell strength significantly. In addition there was a decrease in damaged egg rate and a increase hatching eggs ratio. It was found that the dietary supplementation of organic mineral/vitamin mixture had positive impacts on egg quality parameters, especially the diet supplemented with 1.0 kg/tonne increased egg production, egg size, eggshell strength, and hatching eggs ratio. It could be concluded that organic mineral/vitamin mixture may supply significant profits when considering increased broiler meat production due to high hatching eggs.Cukurova University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (ÇU BAP) (Project Number: FBA-2014-2449)

Effect of Carrot (Daucus carota) Leaf Powder on External and Internal Egg Characteristics of Hy-Line White Laying Hens

WOS: 000398881500018This current work was conducted to determine the effect of dried carrot (Dawns carota) leaf powder at different amounts on some external and internal egg characteristics of Hy-line white laying hens as a commercial type through two-way ANOVA, to estimate the Pearson correlation between pairs of egg external and internal characteristics and to predict each of egg internal charactenstics from egg external charactenstics, treatment and week through CHAID analysis A total number of eighty, 56 weeks old Hy-Line White laying hens (commercial type) of nearly similar initial body weight (1360.6 +/- 14.25 g) were assigned into 5 experimental groups (control group and 4 treatment groups) each including 16 and maintained individually in cages of 35 x 40 x 45 cm The strongest correlations were found for egg weight-egg width (r=0 910, P<0.01), haugh unit-albumen index (r=0 876, P<0 01), egg weight-egg height (r=0 799, P<0.01), and egg shape index-egg height (r=0 693, P<0.01). ANOVA results revealed that treatment factor influenced only egg height among all the egg characteristics (P<0.05). The effect of treatment by week interaction on all the characteristics was non-significant. The significant differences in other egg characteristics between weeks were recorded except for egg shape index and egg height (P<0.05). Very strongly Pearson coefficient of 0.876 was estimated in egg shape index between predicted and actual values (P<0.01) m the CHAID analysis in comparison with other egg mtemal characteristics. The Nodes numbered 3, 4, 5, 8, 9 and 12 with the egg shape index of 72-76 m the CHAID analysis illustrated suitable eggs for egg cartons and shipment in poultry industry As a result, it was determined m the study that CHAID analysis may be used to better prove relationship mechanism between egg quality characteristics which are of great importance for higher price and more income of fertile and table eggs

THE EFFECTS ON FEED PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS FEATURES OF CHICK QUALITY AND PRE-STARTER FEED APPLICATION IN BROILER CHICKS

With the increase of the population, it has become inevitable to increase the production of poultry meat and to increase the quality of poultry meat production in order to meet the increasing demand for animal food and to ensure that people are fed on a balanced basis. There are many factors affecting the economy, quantity and quality in poultry meat production (genetic factors, herd age, hatching egg quality, egg collection time, egg storage, hatching temperature, chick quality etc.). These factors include a long period of time from the feeding of breeding animals to the cutting of chickens. Depending on the effects of all these factors, chicks are produced in different qualities. Among these factors, chick quality is the most essential for high efficiency as it is a combination of all other parameters. Because the quality of daily chicks is very important for a good start and cutting performance in production (Meijerhof, 2009). The present study was conducted to determine parameters to be used in chicks quality classification after incubation and investigate the effects of pre-starter feeding in the first five days on fattening period lasting 35-40 days for chicks classified low and high quality.This study was supported by Çukurova University Scientific Research Projects Unit (Project Number: FLY-2018-9946)

Microbiological and Nutrient Analysis of Spiriluna platensis Produced in Poultry Manure Enriched Medium

Spirulina platensis is an interesting source of important protein for both human and animal consumption, which is cyanobacteria, is a crucial functional food additive. Spirulina platensis which is a photosynthetic micro algae, contains high crude protein content (62-70%) as well as precious metabolites (Fox, 1996). Recent studies have propound that dry chicken manure can be used as low-cost nitrogen source in cultivation of Spirulina platensis (Ungsethaphand at al., 2007). Dry chicken manure(DCM) contains most of elements particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) which microalg need for growth and flourish. In Turkey, about 7 million tons of poultry manure creates environmental problems per year(Eleroğlu at al., 2013). The aim of study, cell density was counted and dry biomass were analyzed (DCM medium) was to compare the microbiological quality of Spirulina platensis cultured in standart medium and DCM medium.Çukurova University Scientific Research Project Commission (Project Number: CUBAP-09/2017-9767)

EFFECT OF SELENIUM SOURCE ON EGG PRODUCTION AND EGG QUALITY OF BROILER BREEDERS

The present study was conducted to evaluate two different sources (Se-hydoxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid; HMSeBA vs. selenium yeast) of organic selenium in female broiler breeders in terms of egg production, fertility, egg quality, hatchability and chick growth performance. Two hundred and twenty, 54 weeks old Ross-308 male (20) and female (200) breeders were used in the experiment. Standard breeder (female) diet based on corn and soya were used. Birds were placed in a complete randomized design with 2 dietary treatments (HMSeBA vs. Selenium yeast) and 10 replications of 10 females and 1 males per pen sized 2x1.5m. Each pen had five nests with a female tubular feeder and one individual male feeder, and nipple drinkers. The experiment occurred while the broiler breeders were from 54 to 62 weeks of age and the lighting and feeds were supplied according to the Breeders’ recommendations. Eggs were col-lected everyday and measured for exterior and interior quality measurements once a week. Throughout the experiment, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, egg production, egg yield, hen-day egg production were recorded. The data obtained in the study were analysed statistically by t-test. The results showed that birds attained almost 240 grams of weigh in both groups without any significant dif-ference (P>0.05). Feeding the birds according to the breeder’s recommendation maintained animal performance as breeders’ target in terms of body weight, fertility and also hatchability and hatching yield. The results showed that pro-viding selenium in the form of HMSeBA or Se-yeast did not affect egg production significantly (P>0.05), but the group receiving HMSeBA gave numerically higher number of eggs and attained higher egg weigh and egg mass with better feed conversion rate. The results with respect to egg quality showed that at the last week of the trial eggs obtained from the group receiving HMSeBA exhibited better values in terms of egg shell strength (P<0.07), shell thickness (P<0.09), yolk height (P<0.06) and yolk width (P<0.01). The results obtained in the trial suggest that providing dietary organic selenium in the form of HMSeBA could be of value in improving egg quality of broiler breeder hens

Effect of economase replacing vitamin E and selenium on growth performance and meat quality of broilers

One hundred, one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated in five treatment groups; control (100 mg/kg Vit E), 20 mg/kg Vit E, 20 mg/kg Vit E +Economase; 40 mg/kg Vit E, 40 mg/kg Vit E+Economase. The birds were fed ad libitum for 42 days in individual cages. Body weight gain, food intake, food efficiency (gain/food intake) and carcass weight were measured. Breast and thigh meats were sampled for TBARS evaluation, blood samples were taken for biochemical parameters. No significant differences between growth performances of treatment groups were observed. Drip loss was not affected significantly (P>0.05), but water holding capacity was lower (P<0.05) at 20 mg/kg Vit E in contrast to the control and the other treatments groups receiving 20 or 40 mg/kg vit E with Economase. Blood total antioxidant capacity in control groups was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the treatment groups. TBARS values of the groups receiving 100 mg/kg vitamin E or 40 mg/kg Vitamin E plus Economase found to be lower. The results suggest that vitamin E level in the commercial broiler diets could be reduced to 40 mg/kg using Economase at 200 mg/kg without loss in the growth performance, meat quality and also oxidative stability