Антагонистическая активность штамма Pseudomonas fluorescens 2303 по отношению к фитопатогенам

Досліджено антагонізм штаму Pseudomonas fluorescens 2303 стосовно фітопатогенних бактерій і грибів. Цей штам пригнічував розвиток P.syringae pv. syringae 8511, P.syringae pv. atrofaciens 9400, Xantomonas campestris 8003б, Clavibacter michiganensis 102 — зони затримки росту становили 20—40 мм. Штам P.fluorescens 2303, на відміну від штамів препарату гаупсин, пригнічував розвиток таких фітопатогенних бактерій, як Pectobacterium carotovorum 8982 та Agrobacterium tumefaciens 8626. Штам P.fluorescens 2303 виявився високоактивним стосовно фітопатогенних грибів і був, у середньому, в два рази активнішим за штам препарату для захисту рослин — гаупсину. Зокрема, індекс пригнічення розвитку збудника офіобольозної кореневої гнилі Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici 10Z у 9,4 разу перевищував відповідне значення для гаупсину. За результатами проведених досліджень штам P.fluorescens 2303 є перспективним для застосування у сільському господарстві для комплексного захисту рослин від фітопатогенних грибів та бактерій, а також для розроблення препарату на основі цього штаму.In this paper, we study the antagonism of Pseudomonas fluorescens 2303 strain on pathogenic bacteria’s and fungi’s. This strain inhibited the development of P.syringae pv. syringae 8511, P.syringae pv. atrofaciens 9400, Xantomonas campestris 8003b, Clavibacter michiganensis 102 — stunting zones were 20—40 mm. Strain P.fluorescens 2303, unlike the product haupsyn, inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Pectobacterium carotovorum 8982 and 8626 Agrobacterium tumefaciens. P.fluorescens 2303 strain was highly active against phytopathogenic fungi and was on average two times more active than the strain of plant protection product — gaupsin. In particular, the inhibition index of root rots caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici 10Z is 9,4 times higher than the corresponding value for gaupsin. The research into P.fluorescens 2303 strain is promising for its applying in agriculture for comprehensive plants protection of plants against pathogenic fungi and bacteria, as well as for developing a product based on this strain.Исследован антагонизм штамма Pseudomonas fluorescens 2303 по отношению к фитопатогенным бактериям и грибам. Данный штамм подавлял развитие P.syringae pv. syringae 8511, P.syringae pv. atrofaciens 9400, Xantomonas campestris 8003б, Clavibacter michiganensis 102 — зоны задержки роста составляли 20—40 мм. Штамм P.fluorescens 2303, в отличие от штаммов препарата гаупсин, подавлял развитие таких фитопатогенных бактерий, как Pectobacterium carotovorum 8982 и Agrobacterium tumefaciens 8626. Штамм P.fluorescens 2303 оказался высокоактивным по отношению к фитопатогенным грибам и был, в среднем, в два раза более активный чем штамм препарата для защиты растений — гаупсина. В частности, индекс угнетения развития возбудителя офиоболезной корневой гнили Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici 10Z в 9,4 раза превышал соответствующее значение для гаупсина. По результатам проведенных исследований штамм P.fluorescens 2303 является перспективным для использования в сельском хозяйстве для комплексной защиты растений от фитопатогенных грибов и бактерий, а также для разработки препарата на основе данного штамма

Weibel-dominated quasi-perpendicular shock: hybrid simulations and in situ observations

We directly compare hybrid kinetic simulations and in situ observations of a high Mach number high-$\beta$ shock in the Solar wind. We launch virtual probes to demonstrate that the model quantitatively reproduces the observations. The observed wave properties are caused by the ion Weibel instability in the shock foot. Parameters of reflected ions in the shock foot are extracted from simulations, and their coordinate dependencies are linearly approximated. These approximations could be used in analytical models. Due to strong magnetic variations at ramp the reflected ions density can be locally very high (nearly that of the incoming flow), which makes favourable conditions for the instability.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure

Paradox: Does liver insuffi ciency protect the patient? A hypothesis

Despite the fact that the key role of the liver in the formation of the immune response to injury is not in doubt, the mechanisms of weakening the immune response to infectious and noninfectious lesions in patients with hepatic failure remain unclear. We propose an original hypothesis of forming the ways to limit the amplitude of the systemic inflammatory response in patients with the end-stage liver disease. The basis of the hypothesis is the idea that as a result of reducing the intensity of the natural stimulation of membrane mCD14 receptors by the ligands of infectious nature, the basic mechanism of the systemic immune response induction by liver macrophages (Kupffer cells) is interrupted. According to the proposed hypothesis, in condition of liver failure, the synthesis of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein by hepatocytes is reduced. This leads to a decreased amplitude and intensity of the protective immune responses. This fact explains a number of clinical phenomena observed in patients with liver failure/dysfunction that consist in a reduced reactivity of the organism to the damage inflicted by infectious and noninfectious agents. The authors consider it possible to use this hypothesis in the search for new trends to prevent the immune system hyper-reactivity in sepsis, and to improve the therapeutic strategies for the management of patients at high risk of infectious complications after liver transplantation

Markers of oxidative damage lipids and DNA in men with type 1 diabetes mellitus and different levels of albuminuria

BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy is a specific kidney damage that affects up to 40% of type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. There is still insufficient knowledge about oxidative stress at the different levels of albuminuria.AIM: To assess the indicators of oxidative damage to lipids, DNA and antioxidant defense in men with type 1 diabetes mellitus and albuminuria different levels.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted during 2018–2019. The main group included 56 men of reproductive age with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) divided into 2 groups: 24 patients with albuminuria level A1 (group A1) and 32 patients with albuminuria level A2 (group A2). The control group consisted of 28 healthy men. The oxidative stress indicators content, as well as the activity of antioxidant defense system various links was evaluated. Spectrophotometric, fluorimetric and enzyme immunoassay methods were used.RESULTS: In patients of the A1 group there were higher values of the median of primary — conjugated dienes, secondary — ketodienes and conjugated trienes, final — Schiff bases products and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine in comparison with the control. Similar changes in patients of the A2 group were found. Intergroup differences related to increased median values of TBARs and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine in patients of the A2 group compared with A1 group. The activity of the antioxidant defense system in A1 group relative to the control by increased values of the glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione median, and retinol was characterized. A2 group had higher values of glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione medians in comparison with controls. Correlation analysis in A1 group showed the relationships between the duration of the disease and the products of lipid peroxidation, glycated hemoglobin with 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine. In A2 group, there was a relationship between the albumin/creatinine ratio and the duration of the disease, glomerular filtration rate and creatinine level.CONCLUSION: In men with T1DM, regardless of the albuminuria level, there are higher values of the oxidative damage lipids and DNA parameters, as well as the presence of close relationships between these parameters and the duration of the disease, which can be used to develop potential strategies for the prevention and early therapy of diabetic nephropathy

Structure and function of the N-terminal domain of the yeast telomerase reverse transcriptase

© The Author(s) 2017. The elongation of single-stranded DNA repeats at the 3'-ends of chromosomes by telomerase is a key process in maintaining genome integrity in eukaryotes. Abnormal activation of telomerase leads to uncontrolled cell division, whereas its down-regulation is attributed to ageing and several pathologies related to early cell death. Telomerase function is based on the dynamic interactions of its catalytic subunit (TERT) with nucleic acids-telomerase RNA, telomeric DNA and the DNA/RNA heteroduplex. Here, we present the crystallographic and NMR structures of the N-terminal (TEN) domain of TERT from the thermotolerant yeastHansenula polymorpha and demonstrate the structural conservation of the core motif in evolutionarily divergent organisms. We identify the TEN residues that are involved in interactions with the telomerase RNA and in the recognition of the 'fork' at the distal end of the DNA product/RNA template heteroduplex. We propose that the TEN domain assists telomerase biological function and is involved in restricting the size of the heteroduplex during telomere repeat synthesis

Solitary waves in the Nonlinear Dirac Equation

In the present work, we consider the existence, stability, and dynamics of solitary waves in the nonlinear Dirac equation. We start by introducing the Soler model of self-interacting spinors, and discuss its localized waveforms in one, two, and three spatial dimensions and the equations they satisfy. We present the associated explicit solutions in one dimension and numerically obtain their analogues in higher dimensions. The stability is subsequently discussed from a theoretical perspective and then complemented with numerical computations. Finally, the dynamics of the solutions is explored and compared to its non-relativistic analogue, which is the nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger equation. A few special topics are also explored, including the discrete variant of the nonlinear Dirac equation and its solitary wave properties, as well as the PT-symmetric variant of the model

Маркеры почечного повреждения, липидного обмена и карбонильного стресса у пациентов с сахарным диабетом I типа и разным уровнем альбуминурии

The aim of this work was to study the levels of podocalyxin and β-2-microglobulin and parameters of lipid metabolism and carbonyl stress in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients with different levels of albuminuria.Materials and methods. 56 men of reproductive age with T1DM were divided into two groups: 24 patients with stage A1 albuminuria (group A1) and 32 patients with stage A2 albuminuria (group A2). The control group consisted of 28 healthy men. The levels of renal function markers, lipid metabolism parameters, and methylglyoxal were assessed using enzyme immunoassay and spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods.Results. Higher values for total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and very-low-density lipoprotein medians in both groups A1 and A2 were found. In these groups, increased podocalyxin and methylglyoxal medians were revealed. Correlation analysis in the group A1 showed the presence of a relationship between the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and creatinine. In the group A2, correlations between the generally accepted parameters of kidney injury (the albumin / creatinine ratio and GFR) and the duration of the disease and between GFR and the creatinine and methylglyoxal levels in the blood were identified. The podocalyxin level in this group correlated with the β2- microglobulin and methylglyoxal levels and lipid metabolism parameters. The level of β2-microglobulin correlated with the lipid metabolism parameters.Conclusion. Regardless of the level of albuminuria, men with T1DM had significantly increased levels of podocalyxin, lipid metabolism parameters, and methylglyoxal, as well as strong relationships between these parameters. The data of this study can be used for development of potential strategies for prevention and early treatment of diabetic nephropathy.Цель – изучение уровня подокаликсина, β-2-микроглобулина, показателей липидного обмена и карбонильного стресса у пациентов с сахарным диабетом (СД) I типа и разным уровнем альбуминурии.Материалы и методы. Проведено обследование 56 мужчин репродуктивного возраста с СД I типа, разделенных на две группы: 24 пациента с альбуминурией стадии А1 (группа А1) и 32 – с альбуминурией стадии А2 (группа А2). Контрольную группу составили 28 здоровых мужчин. Оценивался уровень почечных маркеров, компонентов липидного обмена и метилглиоксаля (МГ) с использованием иммуноферментных, спектрофотометрических и флюорометрических методов.Результаты. Установлены более высокие значения медиан общего холестерина, триацилглицеридов и липопротеидов очень низкой плотности в обеих группах с СД I типа. В данных группах отмечались также повышенные значения медианы подокаликсина и основного показателя карбонильного стресса – МГ. Проведенный корреляционный анализ в группе А1 показал наличие зависимости уровня скорости клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ) и креатинина. В группе А2 отмечались связи общепринятых показателей почечного повреждения (соотношения альбумин/креатинин и СКФ) с длительностью заболевания, показателя СКФ с уровнем креатинина и МГ. Уровень подокаликсина в данной группе коррелировал с уровнем β2-микроглобулина, МГ, показателей липидного обмена; β2-микроглобулин имел взаимосвязи с параметрами липидного обмена.Заключение. У мужчин с СД I типа вне зависимости от уровня альбуминурии отмечаются значительно более высокий уровень подокаликсина, увеличенные показатели липидного обмена и МГ, а также наличие тесных взаимосвязей между этими параметрами, что может быть использовано для разработки потенциальных стратегий профилактики и ранней терапии диабетической нефропатии

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА СИМПАТИЧЕСКОЙ БЛОКАДЫ ПРИ ГРУДНОЙ ЭПИДУРАЛЬНОЙ И БИЛАТЕРАЛЬНОЙ ПАРАВЕРТЕБРАЛЬНОЙ АНЕСТЕЗИЯХ ПРИ ОПЕРАЦИЯХ ВЫСОКОЙ ТРАВМАТИЧНОСТИ НА ОРГАНАХ ВЕРХНЕГО ЭТАЖА БРЮШНОЙ ПОЛОСТИ

Objective: to compare the degree of sympathetic blockade caused by thoracic epidural or bilateral paravertebral anesthesia. Superior mesenteric artery blood flow was measured calculating the coefficient of flow resistance (resistance index) as an indicator of the degree of sympathetic block in patients undergoing high-traumaticity operations on the upper abdominal organs under thoracic epidural or bilateral paravertebral anesthesia. The patients of both groups were noted to develop sympathetic blockade with a statistically significant reduction in vascular resistance (resistance index) of the superior mesenteric artery and with an increase in blood flow in the visceral bed. The degree of sympathetic blockade was statistically significantly higher in patients under epidural anesthesia. Conclusion. Bilateral thoracic paravertebral blockade decreases sympathetic nervous system activation and may be used during high-traumaticity surgery if there are existing or predictable contraindications to epidural anesthesia. Цель исследования - сравнение выраженности симпатической блокады, обусловленной грудной эпидуральной или билатеральной паравертебральной анестезией. Проведены измерения кровотока по верхней брыжеечной артерии с расчётом коэффициента сопротивления потоку (индекса резис­тентности) как показателя выраженности симпатического блока у пациентов, которым выполняли высокотравматичные операции на органах верхнего этажа брюшной полости в условиях грудной эпидуральной или билатеральной паравертебральной анестезии. У пациентов обеих групп отмечались развитие симпатической блокады со статистически значимым снижением сосудистого сопротивления (индекса резистентности) верхней брыжеечной артерии и увеличение кровотока в висцеральном бассейне. Выраженность симпатической блокады была статистически значимо выше у пациентов с эпидуральной анестезией. Заключение. Билатеральная грудная паравертебральная блокада снижает активацию симпатичес­кой нервной системы и может быть применена при выполнении оперативных вмешательств высокой травматичности при имеющихся или прогнозируемых противопоказаниях к проведению эпидуральной анестезии

Impact of Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions on the Development of Chinese Pharmaceutical Exports and Imports

The article is devoted to the research into the impact of cross-border mergers and acquisitions, conducted by international pharmaceutical companies in China, on Chinese participation in international pharmaceutical trade. Relevance of the study resides in the importance of mergers and acquisitions as instruments that are widely used in a foreign markets penetration process and that lead to the enhancement of intercorporate trade, thus significantly influencing country’s foreign trade. International pharmaceutical companies expanded their operations in Chinese market during the last two decades as a result of the market liberalization. Mergers and acquisitions, conducted by international players, have directly or indirectly led to higher growth rates of Chinese foreign trade in pharmaceutical products, to geographic diversification of pharmaceutical exports and to an increase in deliveries from developed countries. China more than doubled its share in global exports of pharmaceutical products and almost quadrupled its share as an importer of pharmaceuticals. The specific features of Chinese pharmaceutical trade are high growth rates in imports and imports’ significant excess over exports. Substantial proportion of Chinese imports is constituent by pharmaceutical components, that are needed to ensure production of high quality pharmaceuticals in China. Mergers and acquisitions play important role in this process and cause changes in geographical structure of imports. Seven biggest suppling countries, which hold more than two thirds of imports to China, represent the countries of origin of companies that are actively involved into mergers and acquisitions in Chinese pharmaceutical market. The research results can be used by public regulatory authorities for the elaboration of industrial development policies through stimulating or deterring foreign direct investments. Research can be of use to pharmaceutical companies in formulating competition strategies for domestic and foreign markets