El estado de situación respecto a determinados conocimientos mínimos básicos de las principales asignaturas curriculares en los alumnos ingresantes al primer año de la educación secundaria (ex octavo año de la Educación General Básica) de la Escuela Arturo U. Illia de Salta – Capital durante el período 2005 – 2010

La investigación aborda como problema el estado de situación de determinados conocimientos mínimos básicos de alumnos de séptimo año de escuela primaria que ingresan en el actual primer año de la escuela secundaria.El objetivo del trabajo es conocer el estado conceptual de los alumnos que ingresan al primer año de la Escuela Nº 5076 Dr. Arturo Illia de Salta Capital; comunicar los resultados a las escuelas primarias de procedencia, con vistas a realizar proyectos de articulación.La investigación se realiza mediante metodología cuantitativa, con pruebas escritas objetivas y semi cerradas que se toman en tres oportunidades del ciclo lectivo, desde el año 2005 al 2010. Las preguntas son de contenidos específicos y básicos de Matemática, Lengua y Ciencias Sociales.Las respuestas demuestran carencias en el conocimiento de los símbolos patrios; en la biografía de los próceres Manuel Belgrano, San Martín y Martín Güemes; en resolución de problema matemático y en la redacción de un texto. La muestra toma exclusivamente a los alumnos ingresantes a primer año de la educación secundaria, por año, ciento veinte alumnos, contando hasta la fecha con mil ochocientas evaluaciones.La investigación no está finalizada en función que el año lectivo 2010 no ha concluido. Hasta la fecha los resultados evidenciaron que por cada año evaluado, el nivel académico de los alumnos desciende abruptamente sin evidenciar mejoras hasta el momento actual

Urolithiasis location and size and the association with microhematuria and stone-related symptoms.

PURPOSE: To conduct a study to assess the association between calculus location and size and the incidence of both microhematuria and symptoms of urolithiasis in a urology office environment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval, a prospective study was conducted with data from 100 consecutive patients who presented to our office with documented urolithiasis. The location (caliceal, pelvic, or ureteral) and size ( RESULTS: A total of 111 stones were found in the study population resulting in a 45.9% incidence of microhematuria. In patients with renal pelvic and ureteral stones, 67.6% demonstrated microhematuria vs 36.4% with caliceal stones, P=0.0035. For stones ≥ 8 mm, 62.5% were positive for microhematuria vs 29.1% of stones \u3c8 \u3emm, P=0.0006. Ureteral or renal pelvic stones caused the most symptoms (70.6%) compared with caliceal stones (16.9%), P=0.0001. In those patients who reported pain associated with urolithiasis, 65.6% had concomitant microhematuria vs 36.8% in those without pain, P=0.0097. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary calculus location and size are associated with the incidence of microhematuria and stone-related symptoms. Pain related to urolithiasis may be a positive predictor for the presence of microhematuria

Unique terminal regions and specific deletions of the segmented double-stranded RNA genome of Alternaria alternata virus 1, in the proposed family Alternaviridae

Alternaria alternata virus 1 (AaV1) has been identified in the saprophytic fungus Alternaria alternata strain EGS 35-193. AaV1 has four genomic double-stranded (ds)RNA segments (dsRNA1-4) packaged in isometric particles. The 3' end of each coding strand is polyadenylated (36-50nt), but the presence of a cap structure at each 5' end has not previously been investigated. Here, we have characterized the AaV1 genome and found that it has unique features among the mycoviruses. We confirmed the existence of cap structures on the 5' ends of the AaV1 genomic dsRNAs using RNA dot blots with anti-cap antibodies and the oligo-capping method. Polyclonal antibodies against purified AaV1 particles specifically bound to an 82kDa protein, suggesting that this protein is the major capsid component. Subsequent Edman degradation indicated that the AaV1 dsRNA3 segment encodes the major coat protein. Two kinds of defective AaV1 dsRNA2, which is 2,794bp (844 aa) in length when intact, appeared in EGS 35-193 during subculturing, as confirmed by RT-PCR and northern hybridization. Sequence analysis revealed that one of the two defective dsRNA2s contained a 231bp deletion, while the other carried both the 231bp deletion and an additional 465bp deletion in the open reading frame. Both deletions occurred in-frame, resulting in predicted proteins of 767 aa and 612 aa. The fungal isolates carrying virions with the defective dsRNA2s showed impaired growth and abnormal pigmentation. To our best knowledge, AaV1 is the first dsRNA virus to be identified with both 5' cap and 3'poly(A) structures on its genomic segments, as well as the specific deletions of dsRNA2

Mobilizable bacterial DNA packaged into membrane vesicles induces serial transduction

Experiments where the amino acid deficient strain E. coli AB1157 was exposed to a particle fraction harvested from a marine oligotrophic environment, ranging in diameter size between 100–130 nm indicated evidence for horizontal gene transfer resulting in revertant cells with restoration of all genetic deficiencies with frequencies up to 1.94 × 10−5. None of the markers was preferentially transferred indicating that the DNA-transfer is performed by generalized transduction. The highest transfer frequency obtained for single markers was 1.04 × 10−2. All revertant strains were able to produce particles of comparable size that were again infectious, appearing at the beginning of the stationary phase. Ultra structural investigation showed a structural resemblance with membrane vesicles, however, Field Gel Electrophoresis indicated that the DNA content of some of the particles was 370 kbp; much higher than that of the so far known previously described membrane vesicles providing evidence of a new mechanism for horizontal gene transfer

Los colegios universitarios: marco legal para una nueva opción de formación docente

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Los colegios universitarios: nueva opción de formación docente

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