Phraséologie et pragmatique dans la didactique de l'interprétation de liaison

Pragmatics plays an important role in teaching liaison interpreting. During their learning process of the interpreter mediated interaction, students have to cope with problems related to the situational context, i.e. turn-taking management in conversational interaction, politeness, linguistic and cultural re-formulation of texts implying implicit sentences and non-literal expressions due to figurative registers of language. Phraseology is often a challenge for the interpreter who most of the times “translates language”, but doesn’t realise the “cultural envelope” of a sentence or discourse. Some examples are taken from students performances of a course of liaison interpreting with French and Italian as language combination, focusing on students’ strategies in dealing with different levels of meanings. Called to negotiate a text constructed step by step, the students are forced to challenge not only their linguistic competences but also their inferential skills, - starting from everyone’s encyclopaedic knowledge through the immediate perception of the context - to “grasp” the sense beyond the mere linguistic meaning of words

Sustaining the paper metaphor with dynamic HTML

We describe prototypes that sustain the paper metaphor in two new on-line scenarios: (1) reading annotated works of foreign literature, and (2) paperless medical reporting [Brelstaff & Chessa, “D-HTML paper metaphors”, submitted to Demo’s at HCI’98]

Going Beyond Google Translate?

Ciclo 2012 di seminari interni CRS4, Number 20120229.We motivate and describe the design and implementation of a web-based system for the alignment of parallel texts. It builds on the interactive color-highlight interface now deployed at Google Translate. By a series of simple point and click operations translators can mark up equivalent text-ranges in their own translation and in the original. When successful, the visual cues created by this activity should benefit the understanding of readers of limited degrees of bilingualism -- and may also capture aspects of semantic context not readily available to algorithmic statistical machine translation. We provide a working demonstration that treats poetic texts.Statistical machine translation (SMT) delivers texts unacceptable for literary or academic purposes since generally, it cannot assimilate adequate context: Yet how might one ever articulate such context? Here rather than taking a theoretical perspective we adopt an spatio-visual approach made possible by recent advances in the electronic presentation of multilingual texts:– we allow the translator supply the colour higlights... But how? Semantic units don't respect lexical boundaries and they occur at different scales. Any translator, committed to provide a definitive version of a text, eventually arrives at irreversible order of words – and may actually wish to justify their choices by documenting the correspondence between their version and the original. We focus on verse – an extreme challenge for SMT – with the eventual aim of expressing elusive aspects of semantic communication in order to differentiate those that can be articulated via spatio-visual cues. In verse a deviation from a literal correspondence is essential to reestablish in the translation a "decorum" appropriate to the original so that readers are encouraged to achieve an equivalent respect for its author also from the translated works. We use jQuery to provide an interface that lets the human translator mark up what they consider a correct alignment between words, or groups of words, in the original and their own translation – with a view to articulating context that may not be readily available to SMT. We detail below how the interface runs off a web-page and allows the alignment of equivalent ranges in parallel texts via a simple point-and-click action. Alignments created by the user are instantaneously made visible using a variant of the interactive color-highlight system mentioned above. Key to reducing the complexity of the implementation of the interface is our systematic deployment of open-standard, non-proprietary, web technologies.2011-09-15AlgheroCHItaly2011, 13-16 settembre 2011, Algher

Propositions d’interventions terminologiques dans le domaine du bien-être animal (français-italien)

Animal welfare is a multidisciplinary domain of study. Because of the increasing importance of interdisciplinarity, laws are no longer drafted by only one person. Instead, an interdisciplinary team of specialists is needed as to ensure high quality in terminology and consequently conceptual coherence in the application of the law. The aim of this article is to analyse some French and Italian terms in a contrastive perspective which are ambiguous from the point of view of the denomination in one or both languages. The basic principle of our investigation is the need of adaptation of term formation not only to the corresponding concept (Depecker 2002) but also to the context of use which results in an implantation of the term from a social point of view through a further knowledge modelling (Auger 1999; Gaudin 2003).Le bien-être animal est un domaine d’étude multidisciplinaire. Vue l’importance croissante de l’interdisciplinarité, les projets de lois ne sont plus élaborés par un seul expert, mais par des équipes de spécialistes qui visent à garantir une certaine qualité du travail terminologique et par conséquent de la cohérence conceptuelle de la législation en vue de l’application pratique du droit. L’objectif de cet article est de prendre en compte certains termes, dans une perspective contrastive français-italien, qui présentent des ambiguïtés dénominatives dans l’une des deux langues. Le principe de base de l’analyse est une adéquation de la dénomination du terme en fonction non seulement du concept correspondant (Depecker 2002), mais aussi en fonction du contexte d’utilisation qui se traduit en une nécessité d’implantation sociale du même terme à travers une modélisation ultérieure des significations et des conceptualisations (Auger 1999 ; Gaudin 2003)

Applicazione di marcatori molecolari per la caratterizzazione di genotipi di <i>Myrtus communis</i> l.

The application of molecular markers technology to evaluate the genetic diversity within the species Myrtus communis L. has been aimed to analyse 38 selected genotypes, collected from different natural populations growing in Sardinia and prospected as improved varieties for myrtle cultivation. The results obtained showed the high efficiency in evidencing polymorphisms of ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) molecular marker, thus proving to be useful in the evaluation of genetic relationship among the selections. The application of cpSSR (Chloroplast Simple Sequence Repeat) marker gave less reliable results, since data obtained were not suitable for the genotypes fingerprinting

Cutaneous granulomatosis and combined immunodeficiency revealing Ataxia-Telangiectasia: a case report

Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a complex multisystem disorder characterized by progressive neurological impairment, variable immunodeficiency and oculo-cutaneous telangiectasia. A-T is a member of chromosomal breakage syndromes and it is caused by a mutation in the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene. Because of a wide clinical heterogeneity, A-T is often difficult to diagnose in children

A Practical Application of Genomic Predictions for Mastitis Resistance in Italian Holstein Heifers

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Selecting the best animals for farms has always been a fundamental aspect of animal breeding. To assist in the traditional selection performed on phenotypes and to further improve genetic selection as performed in recent years, genomic tools could be applied to select animals early in their productive careers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of a commercial genomic tool on animals selected from farms grouped by their average somatic cell count. The obtained results showed that farms with good animal management practices also rear animals with better genomic indexes, probably due to selection on other well-established indexes (e.g., productive traits). Selecting heifers based on their wellness genomic indexes would further improve both their economic value and their disease resistance and resilience. ABSTRACT: Heifers are a fundamental resource on farms, and their importance is reflected in both farm management and economy. Therefore, the selection of heifers to be reared on a farm should be carefully performed to select only the best animals. Genomic selection is available nowadays to evaluate animals in a fast and economic way. However, it is mainly used on the sire line and on performance traits. Ten farms were selected based on their 5-year records of average somatic cell count and evenly classified into high (>300,000 cells/mL) and low somatic cell count (<150,000 cells/mL). Genomic indexes (regarding both wellness and productive traits) were evaluated in 157 Italian Holstein heifers reared in the selected ten farms (90 from high-cells farms and 67 from low-cells ones). Linear mixed models were fitted to analyze the effects of the abovementioned genomic indexes on related phenotypes. Results have shown that farms classified into low somatic cell count had an overall better animal genomic pool compared to high somatic cell count ones. Additionally, the results shown in this study highlighted a difference in wellness genomic indexes in animals from farms with either a high or a low average somatic cell count. Applying genomic tools directly to heifer selection could improve economic aspects related to herd turnover

A Wearable Wireless Magnetic Eye-Tracker, in-vitro and in-vivo tests

A wireless, wearable magnetic eye tracker is described and characterized. The proposed instrumentation enables simultaneous evaluation of eye and head angular displacements. Such a system can be used to determine the absolute gaze direction as well as to analyze spontaneous eye re-orientation in response to stimuli consisting in head rotations. The latter feature has implications to analyze the vestibulo-ocular reflex and constitutes an interesting opportunity to develop medical (oto-neurological) diagnostics. Details of data analysis are reported together with some results obtained in-vivo or with simple mechanical simulators that enable measurements under controlled conditions

The first record of translocated white-clawed crayfish from the Austropotamobius pallipes complex in Sardinia (Italy)

<p>The white-clawed crayfish <em>Austropotamobius pallipes </em>complex is native to Europe, being present in 18 European countries, Italy included. However, the number and abundance of its populations are today restricted and it has been recently classified as “endangered” by IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). Here, we report the first record of this freshwater crayfish in Sardinia Island (Italy). Using a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA gene, we identified three haplotypes that correspond to the <em>A. italicus meridionalis </em>subclade. We provide information about the sampling area, population density and finally discuss hypotheses about the occurrence of this population in Sardinia, comparing it with other Mediterranean populations. Our results improve the existing knowledge about the phylogeography of the taxon across Italy, confirming its complex pattern of distribution. In addition to the non-native status of the Sardinian <em>A. i. meridionalis</em> crayfish, we showed that the most proximal Mediterranean population of white-clawed crayfish existing in Corsica belongs to <em>A. pallipes</em> from Southern France.</p