3,276 research outputs found
Canonical interpretation of and in the family
Inspired by the new resonance , we calculate the masses and
two-body OZI-allowed strong decays of the higher vector bottomonium sates
within both screened and linear potential models. We discuss the possibilities
of and as mixed states via the mixing. Our
results suggest that and might be explained as
mixed states between - and -wave vector states. The
and resonances may correspond to the mixed states
dominated by the - and -wave components, respectively. The mass and the
strong decay behaviors of the resonance are consistent with
the assignment of the state in the potential models.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures. More discussions are adde
Chemical and nutritional characteristics, and microbial degradation of rapeseed meal recalcitrant carbohydrates:A review
Approximately 35% of rapeseed meal (RSM) dry matter (DM) are carbohydrates, half of which are water-soluble carbohydrates. The cell wall of rapeseed meal contains arabinan, galactomannan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I, type II arabinogalactan, glucuronoxylan, XXGG-type and XXXG-type xyloglucan, and cellulose. Glycoside hydrolases including in the degradation of RSM carbohydrates are Ī±-L-Arabinofuranosidases (EC 3.2.1.55), endo-Ī±-1,5-L-arabinanases (EC 3.2.1.99), Endo-1,4-Ī²-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78), Ī²-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25), Ī±-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22), reducing-end-disaccharide-lyase (pectate disaccharide-lyase) (EC 4.2.2.9), (1 ā 4)-6-O-methyl-Ī±-D-galacturonan lyase (pectin lyase) (EC 4.2.2.10), (1 ā 4)-Ī±-D-galacturonan reducing-end-trisaccharide-lyase (pectate trisaccharide-lyase) (EC 4.2.2.22), Ī±-1,4-D-galacturonan lyase (pectate lyase) (EC 4.2.2.2), (1 ā 4)-Ī±-D-galacturonan glycanohydrolase (endo-polygalacturonase) (EC 3.2.1.15), Rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase, Rhamnogalacturonan lyase (EC 4.2.2.23), Exo-Ī²-1,3-galactanase (EC 3.2.1.145), endo-Ī²-1,6-galactanase (EC 3.2.1.164), Endo-Ī²-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4), Ī±-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.177), Ī²-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) endo-Ī²-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4), exo-Ī²-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.91), and Ī²-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21). In conclusion, this review summarizes the chemical and nutritional compositions of RSM, and the microbial degradation of RSM cell wall carbohydrates which are important to allow to develop strategies to improve recalcitrant RSM carbohydrate degradation by the gut microbiota, and eventually to improve animal feed digestibility, feed efficiency, and animal performance
In-situ cosmogenic <sup>36</sup>Cl denudation rates of carbonates in Guizhou karst area
This study quantifies surface denudation of carbonate rocks by the first application of in-situ cosmogenic <sup>36</sup>Cl in China. Concentrations of natural Cl and in-situ cosmogenic <sup>36</sup>Cl in bare carbonates from Guizhou karst areas were measured with isotope dilution by accelerator mass spectrometer. The Cl concentration varied from 16 to 206 ppm. The <sup>36</sup>Cl concentrations were in range of (0.8ā2.4)Ć106 atom gā1, resulting in total denudation rates of 20ā50 mm kaā1 that averaged over a 104ā105 a timescale. The <sup>36</sup>Cl-denudation rates showed roughly a negative correlation with the local mean temperature. This preliminary observation may suggest the variations of proportions of chemical weathering and physical erosion in denudation process, depending upon local climatic conditions
Ryanodine receptors contribute to the induction of nociceptive input-evoked long-term potentiation in the rat spinal cord slice
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Our previous study demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) contributes to long-term potentiation (LTP) of C-fiber-evoked field potentials by tetanic stimulation of the sciatic nerve in the spinal cord <it>in vivo</it>. Ryanodine receptor (RyR) is a downstream target for NO. The present study further explored the role of RyR in synaptic plasticity of the spinal pain pathway.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>By means of field potential recordings in the adult male rat <it>in vivo</it>, we showed that RyR antagonist reduced LTP of C-fiber-evoked responses in the spinal dorsal horn by tetanic stimulation of the sciatic nerve. Using spinal cord slice preparations and field potential recordings from superficial dorsal horn, high frequency stimulation of Lissauer's tract (LT) stably induced LTP of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs). Perfusion of RyR antagonists blocked the induction of LT stimulation-evoked spinal LTP, while Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor (IP<sub>3</sub>R) antagonist had no significant effect on LTP induction. Moreover, activation of RyRs by caffeine without high frequency stimulation induced a long-term potentiation in the presence of bicuculline methiodide and strychnine. Further, in patch-clamp recordings from superficial dorsal horn neurons, activation of RyRs resulted in a large increase in the frequency of miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs). Immunohistochemical study showed that RyRs were expressed in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Likewise, calcium imaging in small DRG neurons illustrated that activation of RyRs elevated [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i </sub>in small DRG neurons.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These data indicate that activation of presynaptic RyRs play a crucial role in the induction of LTP in the spinal pain pathway, probably through enhancement of transmitter release.</p
4-(4-Oxopent-2-en-2-ylĀamino)-1,2,4-triazol-1-ium-5-thiolĀate
In the title compound, C8H12N4OS, an intraĀmolecular NāHāÆO hydrogen bond links the imine N atom to the oxo O atom. In the crystal, molĀecules are linked by interĀmolecular NāHāÆO and NāHāÆS hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional framework
Combined finite element and multi-body dynamics analysis of effects of hydraulic cylinder movement on ploughshare of horizontally reversible plough
Abstract: Hydraulic Cylinder (HC), one of the key components of Horizontally Reversible Plough (HRP), takes the responsibilities for the commuting soiltillage of HRP. The dynamic behaviors of HC surely affectthe tilling performances of HRP. Based on our previously related work, this paper further addresses the effects of HC movements during tillage on ploughshare, especially at share-point, of HRP. For HC, uniform motion was considered in this study. A combined finite element and multi-body dynamics analysis (MDA) was implemented to assess both tillage kinematics and kinetics of the ploughshare. These numerical predictions were primarily involved in five different HC movement velocities and two actual HRP tilling scenarios, respectively, where loading data due to the HC movements were obtained from an MDA and applied to load a finite element modal of the ploughshare. Our results show that the importance of performing MDA as a preliminary step FEA to obtain an insight into the actual stress and strain variations at the share-point. Our findings demonstrate that the different movements of HC have no adverse effects on the service life of the ploughshare though they result in the maximum stress and strain at the sharepoint during HRP tillage
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