47 research outputs found
Thermal transformations of Cu–Mg (Zn)–Al(Fe) hydrotalcite-like materials into metal oxide systems and their catalytic activity in selective oxidation of ammonia to dinitrogen
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) containing
, or cations in the positions and
and in the positions were synthesized by co-
precipitation method. Detailed studies of thermal trans-
formation of obtained LDHs into metal oxide systems were
performed using high temperature X-ray diffraction in
oxidising and reducing atmosphere, thermogravimetry
coupled with mass spectrometry and temperature-pro-
grammed reduction. The LDH samples calcined at 600 and
900 were tested in the role of catalysts for selective
oxidation of ammonia into nitrogen and water vapour. It
was shown that all copper congaing samples presented high
catalytic activity and additionally, for the Cu–Mg–Al and
Cu–Mg–Fe hydrotalcite samples calcined at 600 rela-
tively high stability and selectivity to dinitrogen was
obtained. An increase in calcination temperature to 900
resulted in a decrease of their catalytic activity, possibly
due to formation of well-crystallised metal oxide phase which are less catalytically active in the process of selective oxidation of ammonia
Technology Review - Structure Determination of Proteins in Solution by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Each cell in the human body consists of a myriad of biological
macromolecules and organelles, which are required for various cellular
functions and metabolism. A key component in such a system comprises of
proteins, which play a crucial role in proper functioning of the cell.
There are an estimated 100,000 different proteins present in the human
body.1 The activity of a protein molecule inside the cell is indirectly
governed by the overall fold of the individual polypeptide chains, or
in other words, their three dimensional (3D) structures in space.2
Thus, the knowledge of the 3D structure of a given protein is most
essential for a complete understanding of its function inside the cell.
Many diseases in humans such as Alzheimers', Parkinsons', Prion
disease, Cystic fibrosis, cancers etc. are attributed as the result of
malfunctioning of proteins.1 Further, knowledge of the 3D structure of
a protein, involved in a disease, is eventually used in designing its
target drugs. Such a sphere of activity is popularly called as
quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR).
Mechanism of Initiation, Association, and Formation of Amyloid Fibrils Modeled with the N-Terminal Peptide Fragment, IKYLEFIS, of Myoglobin G-Helix
Some peptides and proteins undergo self-aggregation under certain conditions, leading to amyloid fibrils formation, which is related to many disease conditions. It is important to understand such amyloid fibrils formation to provide mechanistic detail that governs the process. A predominantly alpha-helical myoglobin has been reported recently to readily form amyloid fibrils at a higher temperature, similar to its G-helix segment. Here, we have investigated the mechanism of amyloid fibrils formation by performing multiple long molecular dynamics simulations (27 mu s) on the N-terminal segment of the G-helix of myoglobin. These simulations resulted in the formation of a single-layered tetrameric beta-sheet with mixed parallel and antiparallel beta-strands and this is the most common event irrespective of many different starting structures. Formation of the single-layered tetrameric beta-sheet takes place following three distinctive pathways. The process of fibril initiation is dependent on temperature. Further, this study provides mechanistic insights into the formation of multilayered fibrilar structure, which could be applicable to a wider variety of peptides or proteins to understand the amyloidogenesis
Structure prediction of a multi-domain EF-hand Ca2+ binding protein by PROPAINOR
PROPAINOR is a new algorithm developed for ab initio prediction of the 3D structures of proteins using knowledge-based nonparametric multivariate statistical methods. This algorithm is found to be most efficient in terms of computational simplicity and prediction accuracy for single-domain proteins as compared to other ab initio methods. In this paper, we have used the algorithm for the atomic structure prediction of a multi-domain (two-domain) calcium-binding protein, whose solution structure has been deposited in the PDB recently (PDB ID: 1JFK). We have studied the sensitivity of the predicted structure to NMR distance restraints with their incorporation as an additional input. Further, we have compared the predicted structures in both these cases with the NMR derived solution structure reported earlier. We have also validated the refined structure for proper stereochemistry and favorable packing environment with good results and elucidated the role of the central linker
J tuning of SUPERCOSY as an aid to resonance assignments
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