Expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in the spinal dorsal horn.

<p>Double immunofluorescence reveals that CX3CL1 co-localized with NeuN (neuronal marker) and GFAP (astrocyte marker), no immunoreactive singal in Iba1-labled microglia (A); CX3CR1 was expressed in Iba1-labled microglia in naïve rats and failed to co-localize with NeuN and GFAP (B).</p

A representative spinal long-term potentiation (LTP) of C-fiber-evoked field potentials.

<p>Spinal LTP of C-fiber-evoked field potentials was induced by 10-trains tetanic stimulation of the sciatic nerve (TSS); conversely, it was not formed in the sham group (no TSS applied). a & b, the representative C-responses (gray area) in TSS group; c & d, the representative C-responses (gray area) in the sham group.</p

Involvement of CX3CL1 in spinal LTP.

<p>(A) As compared with 10-trains TSS-induced LTP, 3-trains TSS induced a LTP with smaller potentiated extent. While exogenous CX3CL1 (0.75 μg/30 μl) was applied 30 min before TSS, 3-trains TSS-induced LTP was robustly potentiated. (B) The facilitative effect of exogenous CX3CL1 (0.75 μg/30 μl) on 3 trains TSS-induced LTP was completely blocked by CX3CR1 AB (30 μg/30 μl), which was applied 2 h before TSS (1.5 h before delivering CX3CL1). (C) There was a delayed facilitative effect of 3.75 μg/30 μl exogenous CX3CL1 on baseline C-response, as compared with control PBS, and no influence of CX3CL1 was observed on baseline C-response at the dose of 0.75 μg/30 μl. (D) Western blot showed 30 min after 10-trains TSS, the expression of membrane-bound CX3CL1 was evidently reduced in the spinal dorsal horn, whereas soluble CX3CL1 level was upregulated in spinal CSF. Inset: the membrane-bound CX3CL1 and soluble CX3CL1 were detected at the 95 kDa and 72 kDa band respectively in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) and CSF by an anti-CX3CL1 antibody. (E) ELASA assay showed that soluble CX3CL1 in the CSF was significantly upregulated at 30 min after TSS. (F) Western blot showed that Cathepsin S level was upregulated in the CSF at 30 min after TSS. * p<0.05 vs. Sham control.</p

Aqueous Metal-Free Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Experiments and Model-Based Approach for Mechanistic Understanding

Metal-free atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was successfully achieved in aqueous media for the first time. Polymerization of poly­(ethylene oxide) methyl ether acrylate (PEGA₄₈₀) was well controlled (<i><i>Đ</i></i> < 1.40) under visible light irradiation using tetrabromofluorescein (Eosin Y) as catalyst and pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as electron donor. A validated kinetic model was developed to investigate the process of photoredox catalytic cycle via reductive quenching pathway. Experimental and simulation results showed that electron donor not only had an important influence on the ATRP activation, but also participated in the ATRP deactivation. Furthermore, the effects of water content, catalyst concentration, and degree of polymerization on the polymerization were studied thoroughly by a series of experiments. Good controllability of the polymerization regulated by light on and off confirmed the high degree of temporal control. The livingness of the chains was proved by a successful chain extension experiment. Both experimental and simulation techniques were used to study aqueous metal-free ATRP, which provided a promising method to synthesize polymers in the absence of metal and organic solvent

Contribution of IL-18 and IL-23 to spinal LTP.

<p>(A & B) In the spinal cord, IL-18 was mainly produced in Iba1-labled microglia and co-localized with CX3CR1 (A); both IL-18R and IL-23 were expressed in astrocytes (B). (C) As compared with control (PBS, 0.01M 30 μl), the spinal LTP was obviously suppressed by administrating IL-18BP (7 μg/30 μl) 20 min before 10-trains TSS. (D) Similarly, the spinal LTP was also suppressed by an anti-IL-23 neutralizing antibody (IL-23 AB, 6 μg/30 μl), which was administrated 40 min before 10-trains TSS.</p

Stable Phase Equilibria of the Quaternary System Na⁺//Cl^–, NO₃^–, SO₄^2––H₂O at 353.15 K

The phase equilibria of the quaternary system Na⁺//Cl^–, NO₃^–, SO₄^2––H₂O and the subsystems Na⁺//Cl^–, SO₄^2––H₂O, Na⁺//Cl^–, NO₃^––H₂O, Na⁺//NO₃^–, SO₄^2––H₂O at 353.15 K were studied by the isothermal dissolution method. There are one invariant point, three univariant curves, three crystallization fields of single salt, three cocrystallization fields for two salts, and one cocrystallization field for three salts in the quaternary system. Neither double salt nor solid solution is found in the system at 353.15 K. At the invariant point of Na⁺//Cl^–, NO₃^–, SO₄^2––H₂O system, the composition of the solution is NaCl 7.00 wt %, Na₂SO₄ 1.59 wt %, NaNO₃ 47.79 wt %. The order of the solubility in the mixing solution of the single salts is Na₂SO₄ < NaCl < NaNO₃. Moreover, the solubilities of the systems at 353.15 K were calculated theoretically by using the Pitzer ion interaction model. The high ionic strength was found to be a critical factor, which influenced the calculation accuracy significantly. All data and results obtained in this paper are of great significance to the design and optimization of the fractional crystallization process of the high-saline wastewater in coal chemical industry

Fabrication of Robust Hydrogel Coatings on Polydimethylsiloxane Substrates Using Micropillar Anchor Structures with Chemical Surface Modification

A durable hydrophilic and protein-resistant surface of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based devices is desirable in many biomedical applications such as implantable and microfluidic devices. This paper describes a stable antifouling hydrogel coating on PDMS surfaces. The coating method combines chemical modification and surface microstructure fabrication of PDMS substrates. Three-(trimethoxysilyl)­propyl methacrylates containing CC groups were used to modify PDMS surfaces with micropillar array structures fabricated by a replica molding method. The micropillar structures increase the surface area of PDMS surfaces, which facilitates secure bonding with a hydrogel coating compared to flat PMDS surfaces. The adhesion properties of the hydrogel coating on PDMS substrates were characterized using bending, stretching and water immersion tests. Long-term hydrophilic stability (maintaining a contact angle of 55° for a month) and a low protein adsorption property (35 ng/cm² of adsorbed BSA-FITC) of the hydrogel coated PDMS were demonstrated. This coating method is suitable for PDMS modification with most crosslinkable polymers containing CC groups, which can be useful for improving the anti-biofouling performance of PDMS-based biomedical microdevices

Golden_arowana_chromosomes_gene_annotation

This "gff" format file contains the gene annotation of golden arowana chromosomes

Three_varieties_of_arowana_gene_annotation_gff

This '.zip' file contains the three "gff" format annotation files of the genome assemblies of golden, red and green arowana varieties, respectively

Dynamic Changes of the Hemagglutination-Inhibition Titers against the Seasonal H1N1 Virus after Administration of the 2009 A/H1N1 Influenza Vaccine.

<p>Dynamic Changes of the Hemagglutination-Inhibition Titers against the Seasonal H1N1 Virus after Administration of the 2009 A/H1N1 Influenza Vaccine.</p