Preliminary study to explore gene-PM2.5 interactive effects on respiratory system in traffic policemen

Objectives: Traffic-related particulate matter (PM) is one of the major sources of air pollution in metropolitan areas. This study is to observe the interactive effects of gene and fine particles (particles smaller than 2.5 μm – PM2.5) on the respiratory system and explore the mechanisms linking PM2.5 and pulmonary injury. Material and Methods: The participants include 110 traffic policemen and 101 common populations in Shanghai, China. Continuous 24 h individual-level PM2.5 is detected and the pulmonary function, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), Clara cell protein 16 (CC16) and the polymorphism in CXCL3, NME7 and C5 genes are determined. The multiple linear regression method is used to analyze the association between PM2.5 and health effects. Meanwhile, the interactive effects of gene and PM2.5 on lung function are analyzed. Results: The individual PM2.5 exposure for traffic policemen was higher than that in the common population whereas the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) and lymphocytes are lower. In contrast, the hs-CRP level is higher. In the adjusted analysis, PM2.5 exposure was associated with the decrease in lymphocytes and the increase in hs-CRP. The allele frequencies for NME7 and C5 have significant differences between FEV1/FVC ≤ 70% and FEV1/FVC > 70% participants. The results didn’t find the interaction effects of gene and PM2.5 on FEV1/FVC in all the 3 genes. Conclusions: The results indicated that traffic exposure to high levels of PM2.5 was associated with systemic inflammatory response and respiratory injury. Traffic policemen represent a high risk group suffering from the respiratory injury

Geochemical evidence for in situ accumulation of tight gas in the Xujiahe Formation coal measures in the central Sichuan Basin, China

The study of accumulation mechanisms of tight gas has attracted much attention in recent years. One of the focuses is whether natural gas can migrate on a large scale in tight reservoirs. In this work, geochemical parameters (such as C1/C1+, C1/(C2+ C3), C1+, δ13C1, δ13C2, iC4/nC4, iC5/nC5) of the tight gas reservoirs in the central Sichuan Basin, China have been studied to characterize the accumulation mechanisms in these fields. Results show that the tight gas accumulation in the Xujiahe Formation in the central Sichuan is in situ, and natural gas has not experienced large-scale migration. In gases from the central Sichuan Basin, δ13C1 ranges from −44.1‰ to −37.1‰ with an average of −40.1‰, and C1/C1+ ranges from 0.80 to 0.97 with an average of 0.91. While in the gases from the western Sichuan Basin, δ13C1 is between −35.5‰ and − 30‰ with an average of −32.2‰, and C1/C1+ ranges from 0.95to 0.99with an average of 0.98. Based on geochemical indicators of natural gas, the gases of Xujiahe Formation in the Central Sichuan Basin originated from the local coal measures of the Xujiahe Formation in horizontal direction with little contribution from the western Sichuan. In central Sichuan Basin, there is also no horizontal migration of natural gas in the same formation between adjacent gas fields. Vertically, the Xujiahe Formation is an independent gas generating system and has no relationship with the underlying Mid-Lower Triassic formations and the Jurassic natural gas formation above it. The δ13C2of Xujiahe Formation in central Sichuan ranges from −28.3‰ to −25.9‰, with an average of −27.5‰. However, the δ13C2 of Lower Jurassic above Xujiahe Formation ranges from −36.8‰ to −30.5‰, with an average of −33.0‰. Under the Xujiahe Formation, the δ13C2 in Leikoupo Formation ranges from −35.5‰ to −32.1‰, with an average of −33.1‰, and in Jialingjiang Formation ranges from −34.6‰ to −33.2‰, with an average of −33.8‰. There is also a clear distinction in the geochemical characteristics of natural gas between the upper and lower gas reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation, indicating that there is no obvious vertical migration of natural gas. Geochemical evidence shows that there is no large-scale gas migration in the Xujiahe Formation. The tight gas is generated in situ and accumulated in the formation in the central Sichuan Basin

Research on The Evaluation Model of Symbiosis Degree in High-tech Industrial innovation Ecosystem-An Empirical Study Based on the Panel Data of China from 2012 to 2018

On the basis of previous symbiotic analysis and research, the scientific and technological activities between symbiotic subjects are included into the evaluation index system of symbiotic network, and the high-tech industry innovation ecosystem evaluation model is established. The symbiosis degree was empirically measured using the entropy method with the data of high-tech industries in 32 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China from 2012 to 2018. Results showed that though a significant development of overall symbiosis degree has been seen, there are still significant differences in the development speed and stage among regional innovation ecosystems

Table_1_CEOs’ leadership behaviors and new venture team stability: The effects of knowledge hiding and team collectivism.doc

PurposeThe reasons for new venture team instability gradually have become a vital issue in the entrepreneurship literature. While chief executive officers’ (CEOs) leadership behaviors is regarded as a critical element of governance within new venture teams, few studies explored the role played by CEOs’ leadership behaviors in new venture team stability. Drawing on the transactional-transformational leadership model, this study divides CEOs’ leadership behaviors in new ventures into two categories, namely, transformational and transactional leadership behaviors. Based on the social exchange theory and the social information processing theory, this study constructs a moderating mediation model to understand how transformational and transactional leadership affects new venture team stability. In this model, knowledge hiding is used as mediating role and team collectivism is used as moderating role.Design/methodology/approachThree-wave and two-source data was collected from 66 new ventures in China and an ordinary least squares hierarchical regression model and Hayes’ moderated-mediation approach were applied to test the hypotheses.Findings-The results show transformational leadership and transactional leadership are positively related to new venture team stability. Knowledge hiding mediates the association between transformational leadership and new venture team stability and that between transactional leadership and new venture team stability. Moreover, a high level of team collectivism corresponds to a stronger relationship between transformational leadership and knowledge hiding and a greater indirect effect of transformational leadership on new venture team stability through knowledge hiding.Originality/valueThis study explores the mechanisms and boundary conditions of the effect of transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and new venture team stability, which is an enrichment to the study of governance within new venture teams. It enlightens managers to take effective measures to reduce knowledge hiding and maintain team stability in new venture teams.</p

Further discussion on the connotation and significance of the natural gas relaying generation model from organic matter

The natural gas relaying generation model (abbreviated as relay model) of organic matter focuses on the potential of gas generation and accumulation derived from the dispersed liquid hydrocarbons retained in source rocks during high to over mature stage (Ro>1.6%). It means the gas generation converts from thermal degradation of kerogen to oil cracking with the increase of thermal maturation, and it forms relaying gas generation processes at different thermal maturation. According to the supplementary kinetic studies and anatomization of discovered gas reservoirs, it was found that source rocks still contain a large amount of liquid hydrocarbons within oil window even after expulsion, which can serve as the effective gas source kitchen during the high to over mature stage. The maturity for the gas largely generated from oil cracking is greater than 1.6% vitrinite reflectance (Ro), and the content of methyl cyclohexane can be utilized as a specific index for identification of such natural gas. Conventional outside source natural gas reservoirs with considerable scale could be formed due to the existence of migration pathway, driving force and process for effective expulsion under high diagenetic environment. The significance of the natural gas relay model is reflected at the following three aspects: (1) focusing on natural gas accumulations of dispersed liquid hydrocarbons retained in source rocks, (2) determination of the main gas generation periods of retained liquid hydrocarbons, and (3) evaluation on the conventional gas accumulation potential of the cracking gas outside of the source kitchen from the detained liquid hydrocarbons during the high to over mature stage. Key words: natural gas relaying generation, connotation, organic material, shale gas, cracking gas of retained liquid hydrocarbon, exploratio