82 research outputs found
Deconstructing classical water models at interfaces and in bulk
Using concepts from perturbation and local molecular field theories of
liquids we divide the potential of the SPC/E water model into short and long
ranged parts. The short ranged parts define a minimal reference network model
that captures very well the structure of the local hydrogen bond network in
bulk water while ignoring effects of the remaining long ranged interactions.
This deconstruction can provide insight into the different roles that the local
hydrogen bond network, dispersion forces, and long ranged dipolar interactions
play in determining a variety of properties of SPC/E and related classical
models of water. Here we focus on the anomalous behavior of the internal
pressure and the temperature dependence of the density of bulk water. We
further utilize these short ranged models along with local molecular field
theory to quantify the influence of these interactions on the structure of
hydrophobic interfaces and the crossover from small to large scale hydration
behavior. The implications of our findings for theories of hydrophobicity and
possible refinements of classical water models are also discussed
An Examination of Chimpanzee Use in Human Cancer Research
Advocates of chimpanzee research claim the genetic similarity of humans and chimpanzees make them an indispensable research tool to combat human diseases. Given that cancer is a leading cause of human death worldwide, one might expect that if chimpanzees were needed for, or were productive in, cancer research, then they would have been widely used. This comprehensive literature analysis reveals that chimpanzees have scarcely been used in any form of cancer research, and that chimpanzee tumours are extremely rare and biologically different from human cancers. Often, chimpanzee citations described peripheral use of chimpanzee cells and genetic material in predominantly human genomic studies. Papers describing potential new cancer therapies noted significant concerns regarding the chimpanzee model. Other studies described interventions that have not been pursued clinically. Finally, available evidence indicates that chimpanzees are not essential in the development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. It would therefore be unscientific to claim that chimpanzees are vital to cancer research. On the contrary, it is reasonable to conclude that cancer research would not suffer, if the use of chimpanzees for this purpose were prohibited in the US. Genetic differences between humans and chimpanzees, make them an unsuitable model for cancer, as well as other human diseases
A catalogue of names of persons in the German Court epics An examination of the literary sources and dissemination, together with notes on the etymologies of more important names
SIGLEGBUnited Kingdo
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