Systems Approach To Evaluate Growth And Meat Production Of Sheep Under Two Production Systems

The growth and carcass performance of sheep reared under integration in the mature oil palm plantation and feedlot system were studied using a systems approach. Simulation models of the growth and carcass of the Dorset x Siamese Long Tail (DSLT) and Dorset x Malin (DMalin) sheep were described. To construct simulation models to evaluate a production system, a series of studies were carried out. Firstly, the dry matter intake, energy intake and energy requirements of sheep were determined. Secondly, the live weight changes, carcass, muscle, fat and bone weight changes were measured. Thirdly, the models were constructed to describe the growth and carcass performance of sheep under the two production systems. Validations of the simulation models were done by comparing the simulated data with the actual data of live weight, carcass and its tissue weight

Goat meat: Some factors affecting fat deposition and fatty acid composition

Goat meat has recently become an important aspect in the meat markets due to its containing of low fat, and cholesterol contents that may benefit to human health as compared to mutton, pork, and beef. Some of the factors such as rearing system and nutritional supply, breed, gender, age, and weight at slaughter are influencing on fat deposition and fatty acid composition in goat meat. Nevertheless, each factor is not independent but has association with others. From literature reviews, rearing and nutritional systems seem to be the most important factors that have influence on fat deposition and fatty acid composition in goat meat than others

Sheep-oil palm integration: Growth performance of dorset x malin and dorset x siamese long tail sheep

This study involved the integration of sheep into oil palm plantations. The growth rates of 25% Dorset x 75% Malin (DMalin) and 25% Dorset x 75% Siamese Long Tail (DSLT) sheep raised in 9, 13, 16 and 21 year old oil palm plantations were evaluated. The measurements were taken by randomly sampling from the flock at birth, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 months of age. The relationship between body weight and age was determined by Brody's model. Consequently, the growth models of sheep were 1) BW = 17.9715 (1-0.9113 exp(-0.0049*AGE)) for DMalin male, 2) BW = 17.7792 (1-0.9230 exp(-0.005*AGE)) for D1V1alin female, 3) BW = 21 (1-0.8778 exp(0.0049* AGAj) for DSLT male and 4) BW = 18.7301 (1-0.8613 exp(-0.0059*AGE)) for DSLT female. The average dai(y gain ofDMalin and DSLT sheep from birth to 10 months of age was 41.0 and 54.1 gm/head/ day, respectively. The males were slightly heavier than the females. Daily weight gains of sheep wae related to the limited grazing period and low quantity of herbage available in old oil palm plantations

Effects of enzyme levels in total mixed ration containing oil palm frond silage on intake, rumen fermentation, and growth performance of male goat

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementing the total mixed ration (TMR) containing oil palmfrond (OPF) silage with different levels of enzyme on feed intake and growth performance of goat. Twenty four post-weaningBoer  Thai Native crossbred male goats with initial body weight (BW) of 11-18 kg, were arranged to receive four dietarytreatments in a randomized complete block design. The diet used in the study contained 60% oil palm frond silage and 40%concentrate. The enzyme mixture produced by Aspergillus spp. BCC 274, containing approximately 1107, 9106, 2106, 1106and 2106 unit/kg dry weight for xylanase, -glucanase, cellulase, mannanase and amylase, respectively, was supplementedto the concentrate portion at 0, 2, 4 and 6 g/kgDM of the TMR. The results showed that the supplementation of enzyme tothe TMR did not affect (P>0.05) dry matter intake (DMI). Goats receiving TMR supplemented with enzyme at 2 g/kgDMtended to have higher ADG and better feed per gain ratio as compared with other treatments. Coefficient of DM digestibilityof TMR was not significantly affected by the enzyme supplementation. In addition, there were no significant differences(P>0.05) among treatments regarding, average NH3-N concentration, the amount of C2, C3 and C4 in the rumen fluid and BUNconcentration. However, overall mean of ruminal NH3-N concentration was significantly lower in goat receiving TMR supplemented with enzyme at 2 g/kgDM than that of goat receiving TMR with no enzyme supplementation (P<0.05). Based on thisexperiment, the application of enzyme at 2 g/kgDM in TMR containing OPF silage could increase ruminal availability of slowlydigestible carbohydrate and improve goat performance

タイコク ニ オケル ニクヨウ ヤギ サンシュウダン ノ トタイセイセキ ト ニクシツ

濃厚飼料給与量を体重の1パーセントとした給餌条件下で飼育したタイ産肉用ヤギ3集団の屠体成績を得ることを本研究の目的とした。南部タイ在来種,2元交雑(50%アングロヌビアン種×50%在来種),3元交雑(50%ボアー種×25%アングロヌビアン種×25%在来種)から健康な1歳雄18頭を無作為に選び,24時間絶食後,屠殺した。3元交雑は2元交雑および在来種に比べ,屠殺前生体重,枝肉重量,枝肉長の値が有意(P<0.01)に大きかった。枝肉歩留は50.20～54.28%で,3元交雑が有意(P<0.01)に低かった。3元交雑のロース心面積は,2元交雑や在来種に比して有意(P<0.01)に大きかった(それぞれ16.97,11.19,8.13cm^2)。屠体の物理学的特性,肉の化学組成と微細構造は,骨と肉の比率を除いて3集団に差はなかった。在来種の骨量は他集団に比べ有意(P<0.01)に低く,筋肉─骨比はほかの2集団に比べて有意(P<0.01)に高かった。また可食肉(筋肉+脂肪)─骨比も有意(P<0.05)に高かった。肉のタンパク含量は3元交雑(22.4%)が有意(P<0.05)に高く,脂肪も同様(P<0.01)であった。肉の剪断力価と肉色は集団により有意(P<0.05)に異なった。胸最長筋の剪断力価は大腿二頭筋や上腕三頭筋より低く(P<0.05),国際標準照度値による肉色測定では大腿二頭筋と上腕三頭筋の肉色は胸最長筋よりも暗かった(P<0.05)。The objective of this study was to assess the carcass characteristics of three genotypes of meat goats in Thailand, kept in a semi-intensive system with concentrated feed at 1% of body weight. Eighteen healthy male yearlings, including Southern Thai native, two-way crosses (50% Anglo-Nubian ×50% native) and three-way crosses (50% Boer ×25% Anglo-Nubian ×25% native) goats were randomly selected and slaughtered after being starved for 24 h. Three-way crosses had greater (P<0.01) fasted live weight, carcass weight and carcass length than two-way crosses and native goats in the same environment. The dressing percentage (based on empty body weight) ranged from 50.20% to 54.28%, with highly significant differences between genotypes. Three-way crosses had greater (P<0.01) loin eye area than two-way crosses and native goats (16.97, 11.19, and 8.13cm^2, respectively). Physical properties, chemical composition of meat, and muscle microstructure of the three genotypes were determined. There were no differences in physical properties between genotypes, except for bone percentage. Native goats had lower (P<0.01) bone content than two-way and three-way crosses. The muscle-bone ratio was higher (P<0.01) in native goats than in other goats, even using the criterion of edible meat (muscle+fat-bone ratio, P<0.05). The protein percentage of muscles was significantly higher in three-way crosses (22.4%) than in two-way crosses and native goats (P<0.05). The fat percentage of three-way crosses was higher (P<0.01) than that of two-way crosses and native goats. Genotype had a significant (P<0.05) influence on meat quality in regard to shear force and lightness. The longissimus dorsi had a lower shear force value than the biceps femoris and triceps brachii (P<0.05). The International Commission on Illumination system values for the biceps femoris and triceps brachii were lower (P<0.05) than those for the longissimus dorsi

Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Betong Chicken Fed with Diets Supplemented with Crude Glycerin

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of crude glycerin inclusion in the diets of Betong chicken on the characteristics of their carcasses, internal organs, meat quality, lipid oxidation, and fatty acid profiles. One hundred 1-day-old chicks were raised for 8 weeks. Subsequently, the birds were sexed based on their morphological features, and weighed. Forty-eight male chickens, with comparable body weights, were randomly allotted to receive any of the three experimental diets, containing 0, 50 or 100 g crude glycerin/kg feed, on an as fed basis until they were 20 weeks old. A total of 24 chickens were slaughtered and their carcass characteristics and meat quality were studied. Results showed that carcass characteristics and internal organ parameters were not affected by crude glycerin supplementation (P&gt;0.05). After chilling for 24 h, pH of the meat decreased in all groups (P&gt;0.05), while shear force and cooking loss were not affected (P&gt;0.05). Furthermore, crude glycerin did not affect the parameters such as crude protein, ether extract, ash, moisture and proportions of different fatty acid contents of meat of the Betong chicken (P&gt;0.05). However, breast meat color and lipid oxidation were influenced by crude glycerin in diet (P&lt;0.05). These results suggest that crude glycerin can be used at concentrations up to 10% in Betong chicken diet from 8 to 20 weeks of age. Nevertheless, its effect on breast meat color and lipid oxidation need to be considered

Dry matter digestibility and metabolizable energy of crude glycerines originated from palm oil using fed rooster assay

A study was conducted to determine the dry matter digestibility, gross energy (GE), the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), and the nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn) of two crude glycerine from two different sources. The first crude glycerine (CG1) was from a large scale biodiesel producer with high content of glycerol (89.49%) and low content of crude fat (1.73%), meanwhile the second crude glycerine (CG2) was from a medium scale biodiesel producer with lower content of glycerol than CG1 (38.36%) and high content of crude fat (23.63%). Fed rooster assay based on Sibbald (1976) was used in the experiment. The experimental feed consisted of ground corn and three levels of crude glycerine (0, 10, and 20%). Twenty four Hisex brown roosters were housed in metabolic cages. Roosters were force fed with 30 g experimental feed, after 24 hours of fasting. Excreta collection was performed for two days while the roosters were fasting again. The content values of GE, AMEn, and TMEn of CG1 were 4065.18, 2926.59, and 3068.73 kcal kg-1 and for CG2 were 5928.09, 4010.11, and 4054.52 kcal kg, respectively.