Fermentacja i proteoliza procesu kiszenia świeżej i podsuszonej zielonki z di- oraz tetraploidalnych form koniczyny czerwonej

form of red clover (2n – 4n), cultivars within the genetic form: 2n (Krynia, Parada), 4n (Jubilatka, Bona) and DM x form, DM x 2n, DM x 4n. Fermentation and proteolysis during the ensilage of red clover were affected primarily by wilting, whereas genetic factors (genetic form, cultivar) exerted a lesser effect. However, the genetic form of red clover affected the true protein content of silage and the extent of proteolysis during the ensiling process. The effect of the genetic form of red clover on the extent of proteolysis in silage (at similar levels of water-soluble carbohydrates and buffering capacity) suggests that diploid and tetraploid red clover cultivars differ with respect to chemical properties (poliphenol oxidase activity, polyphenol content) affecting proteolysis.Analizowano wpływ podsuszenia surowca, formy genetycznej koniczyny czerwonej (2n – 4n), odmiany w obrębie danej formy genetycznej: 2n (Krynia – Parada), 4n (Jubilatka – Bona) oraz SM x forma, SM x 2n, SM x 4n. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały dominujący wpływ czynnika podsuszenia nad czynnikami genetycznymi (forma genetyczna, odmiana) na przebieg fermentacji i zakres proteolizy podczas zakiszania koniczyny czerwonej. Stwierdzono jednak wpływ formy genetycznej koniczyny na zawartość białka właściwego w kiszonkach oraz stopień proteolizy w trakcie zakiszania. Stwierdzony wpływ formy genetycznej koniczyny na zakres proteolizy w kiszonkach (przy zbliżonym udziale cukrów rozpuszczalnych i pojemności buforowej zakiszanych zielonek) pozwala przypuszczać, że występuje zróżnicowanie innych chemicznych cech zielonek wpływających na proteolizę (aktywność PPO, zawartość polifenoli) między formami genetycznymi i odmianami

The Effect of Diets Containing High-Moisture Corn or Triticale Grain on Animal Performance and the Fatty Acid Composition of Lamb Muscles

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets with different inclusion levels of high-moisture corn (HMC) and triticale grain (TG) on nutrient digestibility and utilization, the growth performance of lambs, and the fatty acid profile of the leg muscle. The experiment was performed on 24 young rams, divided into four groups based on grain type and inclusion rate (50% or 75% DM). The higher inclusion rate of cereal grain and a lower concentration of crude fiber (CF) in the feed ration decreased CF digestibility by 26% and 35% in diets containing HMC and TG, respectively. Diets containing HMC increased crude fat digestibility relative to animals receiving TG. Final body weight and average daily gain were highest in lambs fed a diet containing 50% HMC. Grain type had no effect on nitrogen (N) retention or the proportions of SFA and UFA in lamb meat. Diets containing HMC decreased total cholesterol levels in the leg muscle. HMC can be a valuable component of diets for growing lambs when included at up to 50% of the ration. An increase in the dietary inclusion rate of cereal grain to 75% can be recommended only in the case of TG

Efficiency of anaerobic decomposition of manure from cattle fed with Sida hermaphrodita silage

The study aimed to determine the influence of addition of Sida hermaphrodita silage into cattle forage on efficiency of methane fermentation of cattle manure. Efficiency of methane fermentation connected with amount and composition of produced biogas was determined with respirometric tests. Methane fermentation was performed in mesophilic conditions with initial organic compounds loading of 5 g VS/(dm3 ∙d). The study was divided into two stages. In first stage, substrate in methane fermentation was only cattle manure. In second stage, substrate in methane fermentation was cattle manure and Sida silage. There were three series of experiments in each stage, due to cattle manure was obtained from cattle fed with forage differ in contribution of Sida silage (0 – series 1, 17% – series 2, 34% – series 3). In the stage 1, biogas production of 223±15 L/kg VS, 247±8.5 L/kg VS and 231±18 L/kgVS was noted in the series 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The addition of Sida silage to the cattle forage had no impact on biogas potential of cattle manure. In the stage 2, the same tendency was observed. No differences in biogas composition between series were also observed. Methane content in biogas was about 60%

Ensiling suitability and microbiological quality of Virginia fanpetals biomass

Virginia fanpetals biomass is relatively suitable for ensiling when stem structure is damaged during harvest. Virginia fanpetals biomass is characterized by extensive lactic acid fermentation with a low proportion of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). A microbiological evaluation confirmed the predominance of lactic acid bacteria and the presence of a small group of fungi. Ensiling effectively eliminated toxin-producing Aspergillus spp.eliminated toxin-producing Aspergillus spp.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Effects of Dietary Substitution of Alfalfa Silage with Virginia Fanpetals Silage in Lactating Polish Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of partial or complete substitution of alfalfa silage with Virginia fanpetals silage in rations based on maize silage on feed intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and milk yield and physicochemical characteristics. Nine Polish Holstein Friesian cows in the second half of lactation were fed three experimental diets in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design as follows: maize silage + alfalfa silage, maize silage + alfalfa silage and Virginia fanpetals silage in a 50:50 ratio, maize silage + Virginia fanpetals silage. Complete substitution caused an increase in dry matter intake (DMI), total volatile fatty acids (VFA), acetic acid to propionic acid (A/P) ratio, N-NH3 in the rumen contents and milk urea and a decrease in the feed conversion ratio. The partial and complete substitution changed the profile of milk fatty acids, resulting in a slight increase in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and a decrease in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) as well as in all functional fatty acids except vaccenic acid. The most promising production effects were achieved through partial substitution of alfalfa silage with the Virginia fanpetals silage

The effect of slaughter weight and fattening intensity on changes in carcass fatness in young Holstein-Friesian bulls

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of body weight (BW) at slaughter and fattening intensity on carcass fatness and meat fatty acid profile in young Holstein- Friesian bulls. One-hundred bulls fattened on two levels of intensity a semi-intensive (SI) and an intensive (I) were used. Fattening was carried out to BW of 500, 550, 600, 650 and 700 kg. Live ultrasound measurements were performed to determine back fat thickness. Carcass dressing percentage, carcass conformation and fatness, intramuscular fat content of m. longissimus dorsi and fatty acid profile (by gas chromatography) were determined after slaughter. Intensively fattened bulls were characterised by a greater carcass dressing percentage – by 1.17% on average, greater carcass conformation scores, greater external fat thickness and a greater intramuscular fat content than bulls SI fattened. Fat from intensively fattened bulls contained higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) – by 0.96/100 g on average. Semi-intensive fattening contributed to a decrease in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and to a significant increase in the concentrations of C18:2 and C20:4 fatty acids. Regardless of the fattening intensity, the n- 6/n-3 ratio was greater in heavier animals. The best results were achieved when young Holstein-Friesian bulls were fattened intensively to BW of 650 kg

Impact of early castration and health status on the performance of Holstein-Friesian and beef crossbred calves

Introduction: This article presents the analysis of the correlation between the category and health status of calves and the results of their rearing and levels of selected blood parameters

Fermentation and Proteolysis During the Ensilage of Wilted and Unwilted Diploid and Tetraploid Red Clover

The effects of the following factors were analyzed in the study: wilting degree, genetic form of red clover (2n – 4n), cultivars within the genetic form: 2n (Krynia, Parada), 4n (Jubilatka, Bona) and DM x form, DM x 2n, DM x 4n. Fermentation and proteolysis during the ensilage of red clover were affected primarily by wilting, whereas genetic factors (genetic form, cultivar) exerted a lesser effect. However, the genetic form of red clover affected the true protein content of silage and the extent of proteolysis during the ensiling process. The effect of the genetic form of red clover on the extent of proteolysis in silage (at similar levels of water-soluble carbohydrates and buffering capacity) suggests that diploid and tetraploid red clover cultivars differ with respect to chemical properties (poliphenol oxidase activity, polyphenol content) affecting proteolysis

The Quality, Intake, and Digestibility of Virginia Fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita L. Rusby) Silage Produced under Different Technologies and Its Effect on the Performance of Young Cattle

Different harvesting and preservation methods of Virginia fanpetals herbage were evaluated, based on the chemical composition and digestible organic matter (OM) content (D-value) of silage fed to adult sheep, the intake and digestibility of silage, and the performance of young cattle. The following harvesting methods were compared: direct-cut harvesting with a precision-cut forage harvester (DC), harvesting after field wilting with a precision-cut forage harvester (WC) or a round baler (WRB). The silage was fed for 81 days to 24 Polish Holstein Friesian (HF) bulls, as the sole forage supplemented with 3.0 kg of concentrate/head/day. Harvesting methods affected the density (p < 0.001) and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content (p = 0.047). Differences were found among the groups in the digestibility coefficients of OM (DC-73.7, WC-78.9, WRB-79.9%) (p = 0.007), and crude protein (CP) (69.8%, 77.1%, 78.5%, respectively) (p < 0.001). Dry matter intake (DMI) reached 8.38 kg (DC), 8.74 kg (WC) and 7.21 kg (WRB). Live weight gain (LWG) differed (p < 0.001) among groups (0.939, 1.033, 0.813 kg/day, respectively). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) tended to improve in WC (8.66 kg DMI/kg LWG) (p = 0.08). The highest-quality silage was produced in group WC, and it could be successfully fed to growing bulls as the sole forage