Factores no genéticos que afectan el peso y la ganancia al destete en la raza Santa Gertrudis

With the objective of determining non-genetic factors that affect the behaviour of the weight and its increasing at weaning in Santa Gertrudis race, 12 herds with 1934 males and females born within the years 2000 and 2006 in the Genetic Company “Turiguanó” located at Morón municipality, Ciego de Avila province were analyzed. The studied features were the weight (PD) and its increasing (GD) at weaning. The data were processed using the SPSS 2006 software, having in account the effect of sex (2), herds (2), number of birthing issues (6), time of birthing (2), year of birthing (7) and the age at weaning as lineal co-variable. The results of the analysis of variance showed significant differences (p<0.01) for the considered main effects. The found averages were 9.05 kg (PD) and 616.97 g/day (GD). The males were higher to the females in 9.05 kg and 40.79 g/day for PD and GD respectively. From the found results it is possible to conclude that all the effects considered in the mathematical model are very important for the estimation of the weight and its increasing at weaning.Con el objetivo de determinar los factores no genéticos que afectan el comportamiento del peso y la ganancia al destete en la raza Santa Gertrudis, se analizaron 12 rebaños con 1 934 hembras y machos nacidos en los años 2000 y 2006 de la Empresa Genética Turiguanó del municipio Morón, provincia de Ciego de Ávila. Los rasgos estudiados fueron el peso al destete (PD) y la ganancia al destete (GD). Los datos se analizaron con el paquete estadístico SPSS 2006, teniendo en cuenta los efectos el sexo de la cría (2), rebaños (2), números de partos (6), época de nacimiento (2), año de nacimiento (7) y la edad al destete como covariable lineal. Los resultados del análisis de varianza arrojaron diferencias significativas (P<0,01) para todos los efectos principales considerados. Las medias encontradas fueron de 165,01 kg (PD) y 616,97 g/día (GD). Los machos superaron a las hembras 9,05 kg y 40,79 g/días para PD y GD, respectivamente. De los resultados encontrados se puede concluir que todos los efectos considerados en el modelo matemático son muy importantes para la estimación del peso y la ganancia al destete

Factores no genéticos que afectan el peso al nacer en la raza Santa Gertrudis

The objective of this work was to determine the influence of non-genetic factors which affect the weight at birth (BW) in the Santa Gertrudis race. The research was accomplished in the genetic livestock company “Turiguanó” at Morón municipality, Ciego de Avila province, which main purpose is the production of studs for all over the country. The weight at birth, in order to make the database, was taken from the records existing in the Turiguanó Company and the archives of Livestock Control of the province,. It was concluded that, in the studied herds, the average weigh at birth which was 31.9 ± 1.3 kg; being 30.43 kg for the females and 31.71 kg for the males was significantly affected (p<0.01) by the genetic effects of sex and breeding, herd, number of calving issues and year of birthing. The coefficient of determination (R2) for the rank of weight at birth was small.El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la influencia de los factores no genéticos que afectan el peso al nacer (PN) en la raza Santa Gertrudis. La investigación se realizó en la Empresa Pecuaria Genética Turiguanó, del municipio Morón, provincia Ciego de Ávila, Cuba, cuyo propósito fundamental es la producción de sementales para todo el país. El peso al nacer fue tomado de los registros existentes de la Empresa Pecuaria Genética Turiguanó y de los archivos del Centro de Control Pecuario de Ciego de Ávila, para confeccionar las bases de datos para el peso al nacer. Se concluye que en los rebaños estudiados, el peso al nacer promedio fue de 31,9 ± 1,3 kg; siendo en la hembra de 30,43 kg y en el macho 31,71 kg; fue afectado significativamente (P < 0,01) por los efectos no genéticos del sexo de la cría, rebaño, número de partos y año de nacimiento y el coeficiente de determinación (R2%) obtenido para el rango de peso al nacer es bajo

Growth Trait Heredity in Two Cavy Sublines Native to the Ecuadoran Mountain Range

Background: No studies have been published on South American cavy preservation and breeding programs; therefore, the aim of this article was to analyze the genotypic and environmental factors that act upon the growth traits of a South American native cavy line found in the Ecuadoran Mountain Range. Methods: The study took place on Irquis experimental farm, from the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Cuenca, using two native cavy sublines from rural breeders in provinces Azuay and Cañar. Weight per age and daily weight gain (g) were analyzed by a mixed variance analysis of litter size (5), season (semester), sex, and parturition number of the mother as fixed effects, using software R 3.4.4. The random effects were made by sub-lines Azuay (1) and Cañar (2), and their male parents. The basic statistical values were determined. Results: Birth weight, weaning weight, and weight at 90 days in grams, were 110.2 ± 1.81, 117.0 ± 1.44; 212.2 ± 4.30 and 221.13 ± 3.38; 540.7 ± 12.01, and 659.1 ± 9.44, respectively. The heredity values for these traits were 0.09 ± 0.101, 0.34 ± 0.201, and 0.11 ± 0.111. Besides, weight was analyzed at 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after birth, which included gains at every age. The BLUP predictors for the parents of the two sub-lines were determined. Variation and heritability allowed for selection of weight at weaning and at 90 days. Conclusions: This line showed low growth levels, though the variations observed were adequate. Their heredity might lead to the expected favorable results, provided a selection program is implemented in the mid-term.Background: No studies have been published on South American cavy preservation and breeding programs; therefore, the aim of this article was to analyze the genotypic and environmental factors that act upon the growth traits of a South American native cavy line found in the Ecuadoran Mountain Range. Methods: The study took place on Irquis experimental farm, from the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Cuenca, using two native cavy sublines from rural breeders in provinces Azuay and Cañar. Weight per age and daily weight gain (g) were analyzed by a mixed variance analysis of litter size (5), season (semester), sex, and parturition number of the mother as fixed effects, using software R 3.4.4. The random effects were made by sub-lines Azuay (1) and Cañar (2), and their male parents. The basic statistical values were determined. Results: Birth weight, weaning weight, and weight at 90 days in grams, were 110.2 ± 1.81, 117.0 ± 1.44; 212.2 ± 4.30 and 221.13 ± 3.38; 540.7 ± 12.01, and 659.1 ± 9.44, respectively. The heredity values for these traits were 0.09 ± 0.101, 0.34 ± 0.201, and 0.11 ± 0.111. Besides, weight was analyzed at 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after birth, which included gains at every age. The BLUP predictors for the parents of the two sub-lines were determined. Variation and heritability allowed for selection of weight at weaning and at 90 days. Conclusions: This line showed low growth levels, though the variations observed were adequate. Their heredity might lead to the expected favorable results, provided a selection program is implemented in the mid-term

Factores no genéticos que afectan el peso y la edad a la incorporación en la raza Brown Swiss

With the objective of evaluating the behavior of age and weight of the bovine group, Brown Swiss race when incorporated, in conditions of exploitation of the Genetic Farm "Los Pinos" belonging to Livestock Company “Triangulo 3" of Camagüey Cuba , the entity's information of 819 records was used. The examined data were weight and age of the group from the year 1988 to 2005. The processing of the data was accomplished by the statistical pack SPSS, 2006; mathematical models had in common the time and year of birthing, and for the weight of the group of ages was used as a linear co-variable. The weight and age of the group for the Brown Swiss race obtained were 318,4 ± 15,8 kg and 29,8 ± 7,3 months respectively for existing conditions of handling and exploitation and only the effect of the year of birthing was significant for both characteristics.Con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento de la edad y el peso a la incorporación, y los efectos de la época y año de nacimiento de la raza Brown Swiss, en las condiciones de explotación de la Granja Genética “Los Pinos”, perteneciente a la Empresa Pecuaria Triángulo 3 en el municipio de Camagüey, se utilizó la información de 819 registros de la entidad. Los datos analizados fueron peso y edad a la incorporación desde el año 1988 al 2005 y su procesamiento de los datos se realizó por el paquete estadístico SPSS, 2006; los modelos matemáticos tuvieron en común la época y el año de nacimiento, y para el peso a la incorporación se utilizó la edad a la incorporación como covariable lineal. El peso y edad a la incorporación en la raza Brown Swiss obtenidos fueron 318,4 ± 15,8 kg. y 29,8 ± 7,3 meses, respectivamente, para las condiciones de manejo y explotación existentes, y solamente el efecto del año de nacimiento fue significativo para ambos rasgos

Heredabilidades de rasgos de crecimiento de dos sublíneas de cuyes nativos de la sierra ecuatoriana

Background: There are no studies that allow developing these programs for their conservation and genetic improvement of South American cobays. The objective of this article was analyze genotypic and environmental factors that influence the growth traits of a native line of guinea pigs from the south of the Ecuadorian highlands. Methods: The work was carried out in the experimental farm of Irquis of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Cuenca, with guinea pigs belonging to two native sublines originating from rural breeders of the provinces of Azuay and Cañar. The weight-for-age traits and the daily weight gains measured in grams were analyzed using a mixed variance analysis model with the fixed effects; size of litter (5), time (semester), sex and number of delivery of the mother with software R 3.4.4. The sub-lines Azuay (1) and Cañar (2) and the parents within sublines formed the random effects. The basic statisticians were determined. Results: The weights at birth, at weaning and at 90 days, measured in grams, were 110.2 ± 1.81, respectively, and 117.0 ± 1.44; 212.2 ± 4.30 and 221.13 ± 3.38; 540.7 ± 12.01 and 659.1 ± 9.44. The heritabilities for these characters were 0.09 ± 0.101; 0.34 ± 0.201 and 0.11 ± 0.111. In addition, weights were analyzed at 30; Four. Five; 60; 75 and 90 days of births and earnings among all ages. The BLUP predictors were determined for the parents of both su-blíneas. Variation and heritabilities allow to apply selection in the weight at weaning and at 90 days. Conclusions: The line showed low growth levels, but there is enough variation and its heritabilities would allow to expect favorable progress in case of a medium-term selection program.Antecedentes: No existen estudios que permitan desarrollar esos programas para su conservación y mejoramiento genético de cobayos suramericanos. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar factores genotípicos y ambientales que influyen en los rasgos de crecimiento de una línea nativa de cuyes del sur de la sierra ecuatoriana. Métodos: El trabajo se llevó acabo en la granja experimental de Irquis de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad de Cuenca, con cobayos pertenecientes a dos sublíneas nativas originarias de criadores rurales de las provincias de Azuay y Cañar. Los rasgos de pesos por edad y las ganancias en peso diario medidos en gramos fueron analizados mediante un modelo de análisis de varianza mixto con los efectos fijos; tamaño de la camada (5), época (semestral), sexo y número de parto de la madre con el software R 3.4.4. Las sublíneas Azuay (1) y Cañar (2) y los padres dentro de sublíneas conformaron los efectos aleatorios. Se determinaron los estadígrafos básicos. Resultados: Los pesos al nacer, al destete y a los 90 días, medidos en gramos, fueron 110,2 ± 1,81, respectivamente, y 117,0 ± 1,44; 212,2 ± 4,30 y 221,13 ± 3,38; 540,7 ± 12,01 y 659,1 ± 9,44. Las heredabilidades para estos caracteres fueron 0,09 ± 0,101; 0,34 ± 0,201 y 0,11 ± 0,111. Además, se analizaron los pesos a los 30; 45; 60; 75 y 90 días de nacidos y las ganancias entre todas las edades. Se determinaron los predictores BLUP para los padres de ambas sublíneas. La variación y las heredabilidades permiten aplicar selección en el peso al destete y a los 90 días. Conclusiones: La línea mostró niveles de crecimiento bajos, pero hay suficiente variación y sus heredabilidades permitirían esperar progresos favorables en caso de realizarse un programa de selección a mediano plazo

Efectos de la combinación semental-vaca sobre el comportamiento fenotípico de rasgos reproductivos de la hembra en la región Camagüey-Jimaguayú

Results of the phenotypical performance of female reproductive traits after sire-and-cow crossbreedings were studied as part of the bovine crossbreeding policy in Cuba. To this purpose, 6 997 registers from interbreedings between cows and Dairy Zebu or Cuban Siboney sires through 1990 up to 2004 were assessed at the Livestock Management Center in Camagüey. Reproductive traits such as pregnancy period, service period, calving interval, and services per pregnancy were analyzed. Crossbreeding effects studied were year, season, calf sex, grazing capacity, calving number, kind of Basic Unit of Cooperative Production (UBPC), and interbreeding between cow breed or cross and sire genotype. Findings indicated that the crossbreeding effects (sire breed x cow breed or cross) and the UBPC-season relationship were the factors affecting reproductive traits phenotypical performance. The authors concluded that two crossbreedings, i.e., Dairy Zebu sire with Commercial Siboney females and Cuban Siboney sire with 5/8 Holstein x 3/8 Zebu females, produced the best breeds or crossbreeds. Besides, the best crossbreeding allowed a 150-day decrease in calving interval.Se analizaron, dentro de la política de cruzamiento bovino de Cuba, los resultados del comportamiento fenotípico de la combinación semental-vaca en los rasgos reproductivos de la hembra en la región Camagüey-Jimaguayú, Cuba. Se utilizó la información del Centro de Control Pecuario de Camagüey, en el período de 1990 a 2004 con un total de 6 997 registros de hembras, en las que se emplearon sementales Cebú Lechero y Siboney de Cuba. Se estudiaron los rasgos reproductivos: duración de la gestación, período de servicio, intervalo parto-parto y servicio por gestación. Los efectos estudiados fueron: año, época, sexo de la cría, efecto de la carga, número de partos, la unidad básica de producción cooperativa, y combinación entre la raza o cruce de la hembra y el genotipo del semental. Los factores que afectaron la expresión fenotípica de los rasgos reproductivos fueron: el efecto de la combinación raza del semental x cruce de la vaca y la combinación unidad básica de producción cooperativa-época. Concluyen los autores que las mejores razas o cruces fueron: semental Cebú Lechero con vacas Siboney comercial y semental Siboney de Cuba con vacas 5/8 Holstein-3/8 Cebú. Se redujo en 150 días el intervalo parto-parto con la mejor combinación

Evaluation of Fattening Efficiency of Grazing Bulls through Panel Data Envelop Analysis

The purpose of this paper was to assess fattening efficiency changes in grazing bulls, using panel data envelop analysis in two periods of time. The panel data were compiled by DEAP 2.1, which included the results of a 3-year period from 38 private farms (beef farms) in cooperatives of credits and services. The farms were on prairie savannahs, located on 21.4831 latitude, and -77.3174 longitude, less than 300 meters above sea level, province of Camagüey, mideastern Cuba. The output variable was total sold kg (TSKG), and the input variables were cost of Norgold (CN), fuel kg per ha (FKGXHA), fuel kg per livestock unit (FKGXLU), and unit of human labor force (UHL), which were highly correlated to the output variable. Table 2 shows that technical efficiency (TE), pure efficiency (PEC), and scale sufficiency (SEC), underwent 0.2%, 0.4, and 0.5%, respectively, by the third year of fattening. Technological change (TC) between the second and third years rose to almost 14%, and the total productivity factor (TPF) spiked as farmers became more skilled and experienced, with a 4.9% increase in comparison to the first year, and 13.7% in the second year

Balance de energía, nitrógeno y fósforo en sistemas de ceba bovina en pastoreo

Objective: The aim of this work was to perform balances of energy, nitrogen, and phosphorus in pre-fattening and fattening bovine systems at Turiguanó Livestock Breeding Company, in the province of Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. Materials and methods: The botanical composition of the farms evaluated was determined, and energy, nitrogen, and phosphorus balances were performed. Results: The annual energy, nitrogen, and phosphorus balances were negative on the farms in the study. Conclusions: New strategies are required to enhance energy and nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) use to increase beef production during the final stage. Accordingly, improvements in recycling, balance, and efficiency in the use of energy and these minerals are linked to increases in live weight/day, and better final weights for the industry during that stage.Objetivo: Realizar el balance de energía, nitrógeno y fósforo de sistemas de ceba inicial y ceba final bovina en la Empresa Pecuaria Genética Turiguanó en la provincia Ciego de Ávila en Cuba. Materiales y métodos: Se determinó la composición botánica en las unidades evaluadas y se realizaron los balances de energía, nitrógeno y fósforo. Resultados: Las unidades estudiadas presentaron balances negativos anuales en lo energético y en el nitrógeno y fósforo. Conclusiones: Son necesarias estrategias para aumentar el aprovechamiento de energía y los nutrientes como nitrógeno y fósforo e incrementar la producción bovina de carne en su fase final, por lo que las mejoras del reciclaje, el balance y la eficiencia de utilización de la energía y estos minerales, están ligadas a los incrementos en peso vivo/día y a mejores pesos finales a industria en esta fase

Energy, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Balances in Grazing Cattle Fattening Systems

Antecedentes: El objetivo del trabajo fue estimar la eficiencia en la producción lechera de 1 168 casos en la Sierra Sur Andina Ecuatoriana, mediante la aplicación de un modelo de redes neuronales con per-ceptrón multicapa. Métodos: Los casos fueron tomados de fuentes secundarias provistas por el instituto oficial de estadísticas nacionales del Ecuador para el año 2016. Las variables seleccionadas para el modelo fueron: producción total de leche el día de ayer (P) como variable dependiente y número total de ganado vacuno (GV), el total de trabajadores en el terreno (E) además de la superficie total a cargo de la persona productora (S) como variables independientes. Los criterios de selección de las variables fueron: la existencia de datos por cada caso y el impacto de ellas en la variable dependiente. Resultados: La eficiencia promedio fue del 8,11 %, donde la cantidad de casos detectados con eficiencia > 0,70 fueron en total 11 (0,9 % de la muestra). Posteriormente, los casos estudiados se clasificaron en tres grupos en función de la eficiencia calculada: Grupo 1 (eficiencia ≤ 0,4), Grupo 2 (eficiencia > 0,4 hasta ≤ 0,7) y Grupo 3 (eficiencia > 0,7). Conclusiones: Al compararlos se encontraron diferencias estadísticas (P < 0,01) para las variables producción total de leche al año de la granja, y además de otras variables como: total de trabajadores en el terreno, área de la granja, total de vacas, total de unidades de ganado vacuno, partos, vacas preñadas y vacas servidas.Aim: The aim of this work was to estimate the efficiency of milk production in 1 168 cases in Ecuadoran Sierra Sur Andina, with the implementation of neural networks with multilayer perceptrons. Materials and Methods: These cases were collected from secondary samples provided by the Official Institute of National Statistics of Ecuador, in 2016. The variables chosen for the model were total milk production on the previ-ous day (P), as dependent variable; and total cattle heads (CH), total laborers in the field (E), and total surface at-tended by laborer (S), as independent variables. The selection criteria were the existence of data from individual cas-es, and their impact on the dependent variable. ISSN 2224-7920 Results: The average efficiency was 8.11 %, from which the total cases detected efficiently (> 0.70) accounted for 11 (0.9 % of the sample). Later, the cases studied were classified into three groups, depending on the efficiency cal-culated: Group 1 (≤ 0.4 efficiency); Group 2 (> 0.4 - ≤ 0.7 efficiency); and Group 3 (> 0.7 efficiency). Conclusion: A comparison produced several statistical differences (P < 0.01) for variables total milk production/year on the farm, total field laborers, farm size, total cows, total cattle heads, calvings, pregnant cows, and served cows

Energy, nitrogen, and phosphorus balances in grazing cattle fattening systems

The aim of this work was to check the balance of energy, nitrogen, and phosphorus in pre-fattening and fattening bovine systems at Turiguanó Livestock Breeding Company, in the province of Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. The botanical composition of the farms evaluated was determined, and the energy, nitrogen, and phosphorus balances checked. The annual energy, nitrogen, and phosphorus balances were negative on the experimental farms. New strategies are required to enhance energy and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) use, and increase beef production during the final stage. Therefore, improvements in recycling, balance, and efficiency in the use of energy and these minerals are linked to increases in live weight/day, and better final weights during that stage.The aim of this work was to check the balance of energy, nitrogen, and phosphorus in pre-fattening and fattening bovine systems at Turiguanó Livestock Breeding Company, in the province of Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. The botanical composition of the farms evaluated was determined, and the energy, nitrogen, and phosphorus balances checked. The annual energy, nitrogen, and phosphorus balances were negative on the experimental farms. New strategies are required to enhance energy and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) use, and increase beef production during the final stage. Therefore, improvements in recycling, balance, and efficiency in the use of energy and these minerals are linked to increases in live weight/day, and better final weights during that stage