Dysglossie réunionnaise

La situation linguistique réunionnaise est vue dans son ensemble comme une dysglossie, c'est-à-dire un dysfonctionnement propre à certaines situations de communication, mais ancré dans une diglossie généralisée. L'importance primordiale de la fonction symbolique du langage est souvent méconnue au profit de sa fonction instrumentale. Or les situations de diglossie mettent en cause le rapport du langage à la réalité, à l'individu, à la société, entraînant une déstructuration dans les discours et les comportements. Dans une situation de minoration linguistique comme celle du créole, et face à l'idéologie de la parole éclatée, une idéologie de la langue devient nécessaire, pour compenser le pouvoir symbolique du français, et la perte d'identité de la langue dominée

Les annonces de notations extrafinancières véhiculent-elles une information au marché?

(VF)Cet article analyse comment les investisseurs réagissent aux annonces de notations sociétales. Grâce à un échantillon d’annonces sur le marché français par Vigeo sur la période 2004-2009, nous mettons en évidence un impact globalement positif sur les rentabilités, qui dépend de la valeur du score et du domaine de notation. Sur les échanges, nous observons deux effets qui se compensent : une baisse des volumes de transaction avant, suivie d'une hausse après l'annonce.(VA)This paper examines how investors react to announcements of corporate social responsibility. From a sample of corporate social rating announcements by Vigeo on the French stock market during the 2004-2009 period, we find a significantly positive effect on stock returns, which depends on the score value and the field of notation. We observe compensating effects on trading volume: a decrease before the announcement followed by an increase afterwards.notation sociétale;performance sociétale et financière;ISR.corporate social responsibility rating;social and financial performance;SRI.

Une base de données pour l’enseignement des langues régionales, de leurs cultures et territoires

Il est apparu nécessaire de recenser les outils pédagogiques permettant d’enseigner les langues régionales, leurs cultures et leurs territoires : c’est pourquoi ont été créés une base de données concernant les langues parlées dans l’espace métropolitain et un site Internet en permettant une large consultation. Cette base générale offre aux enseignants du primaire, du secondaire et du supérieur, un inventaire des productions pédagogiques dans un domaine linguistique et culturel donné et aux chercheurs l’outil nécessaire pour des études comparatives entre les différentes didactiques et approches de l’apprentissage des langues.It appeared that it was necessary to make an inventory of the teaching aids to teach regional languages, their culture and their territories : that is why a data base about the spoken languages in the metropolitan area has been created as well as an Internet site for wide consultation. This general basis offers primary and secondary school teachers an inventory of pedagogical works in a given linguistic and cultural field and researchers the necessary tool for comparative studies between the different didactics and approaches of language learning

EBSD investigation of SiC for HTR fuel particles

Xavier Bourrat : Present Address ISTO - CNRS-Université d'OrléansInternational audienceElectron back-scattering diffraction (EBSD) can be successfully performed on SiC coatings for HTR fuel particles. EBSD grain maps obtained from thick and thin unirradiated samples are presented, along with pole figures showing textures and a chart showing the distribution of grain aspect ratios. This information is of great interest, and contributes to improving the process parameters and ensuring the reproducibility of coating

Modeling of nitric oxide emissions from temperate agricultural ecosystems.

48 p.Arable soils are a significant source of nitric oxide (NO), most of which is derived from nitrogen fertilizers. Precise estimates of NO emissions from these soils are thus essential to devise strategies to mitigate the impact of agriculture on tropospheric ozone regulation. This paper presents the implementation of a soil NO emissions submodel within the environmentally-orientated soil crop model, CERES-EGC. The submodel simulates the NO production via nitrification pathway, as modulated by soil environmental drivers. The resulting model was tested with data from 4 field experiments on wheat- and maize-cropped soils representative of two agricultural regions of France, and for three years encompassing various climatic conditions. Overall, the model gave correct predictions of NO emissions, but shortcomings arose from an inadequate vertical distribution of fertilizer N in the soil surface. Inclusion of a 2-cm thick topsoil layer in an 'micro-layer' version of CERES-EGC gave more realistic simulations of NO emissions and of the under-lying microbiological process. From a statistical point, both versions of the model achieved a similar fit to the experimental data, with respectively a MD and a RMSE ranging from 1.8 to 6.2 g N-NO ha−1 d−1, and from 22.8 to 25.2 g N-NO ha−1 d −1 across the 4 experiments. The cumulative NO losses represented 1 to 2% of NH+4 fertilizer applied for the maize crops, and about 1% for the wheat crops. The 'micro-layer' version may be used for spatialized inventories of biogenic NO emissions to point mitigation strategies and to improve air quality prediction in chemistry transport models

Nested Forms with Dynamic Suggestions for Quality RDF Authoring

International audienceKnowledge acquisition is a central issue of the Semantic Web. Knowledge cannot always be automatically extracted from existing data, thus domain experts are required to manually produce it. On the one hand, learning formal languages such as RDF represents an important obstacle to non-IT experts. On the other hand, well-known data input interfaces, such as forms, do not address well the relational nature and flexibility of RDF. Furthermore, it is difficult to maintain data quality through time, and across contributors. We propose FORMULIS, a form-based interface for guided RDF authoring. It completely hides RDF notations , addresses the relational aspects with nested forms, and guides users by computing intelligent filling suggestions. Two user experiments show that FORMULIS helps users maintain good data quality, and can be used by users without Semantic Web knowledge

Short-Term cost impact of compliance with clinical practice guidelines for initial sarcoma treatment

Background: The impact of compliance to clinical practice guidelines (CPG) on outcomes and/or costs of care has not been completely clarified.Objective: To estimate relationships between medical expenditures and compliance to CPG for initial sarcoma treatment.Research design: Selected cohorts of patients diagnosed with sarcoma in 2005 and 2006, and treated at the University hospital and/or the cancer centre of the Rhône-Alpes region, France (n=90). Main outcome measurements were: patient characteristics, compliance with CPG, health outcomes, and costs. Data were mainly extracted from patient records. The logarithm of treatment costs was modelled using linear and Tobit regressions.Results: Rates of compliance with CPG were 86%, 66%, 88%, 89%, and 95% for initial diagnosis, primary surgical excision, wide surgical excision, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, respectively. Total average costs reached €24,439, with €1,784, €11,225, €10,360, and €1,016 for diagnosis, surgery (primary and wide surgical excisions), chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, respectively. Compliance of diagnosis with CPG decreased the cost of diagnosis, whereas compliance of primary surgical excision increased the cost of chemotherapy. Compliance of chemotherapy with CPG decreased the cost of radiotherapy.Conclusion: Since chemotherapy is one of the major cost drivers, these results support that compliance with guidelines increases medical care expenditures in short term.Oncology; Sarcoma; Cost; Clinical guidelines; Efficacy; Medical Practices; Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health