Trauma in Elderly People Attended by a Mobile Emergency Service

Introduction: The process of aging causes bio-psychosocial changes, that commonly, make the elderly more likely to be affected by chronic diseases and disorders due to external causes. Objective: Analize the occurrence of trauma and demographic characteristics of elderly people attended by a mobile emergency service. Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the city of Sousa, in northeast region of Brazil, using data from 190 records of elderly victims of trauma attended by the MES from January 1St to December 31St of 2011. The Pearson’s chi-square test (χ2) or Fisher’s exact test with Freeman-Halton extension, were used to observe possible associations between variables. A significance level of α<5% was considered. Results: From the total of 190 elderly, 51.1% were male, aged between 60 and 104 years, mean age of 75.3 years (SD 10.44 years) and median of 74.0 years. Regarding the occurrence of trauma, 91.6% occurred in urban areas, 35.8% in the morning, 46.3% at weekend and 42.1% in the months from May to August. Falls stood out with 65.3% of cases and 87.9% had no alcohol on their breath during first-aid care. Among the injuries, wounds were predominant (62.3%) and 87.4% were referred to hospital. A significant association was observed between the presence of alcohol on the breath and sex (p<0.001) and age group (p=0.004) and between trauma mechanism and sex (p<0.001). Higher susceptibility was observed among males in the most advanced age group. Among the types of trauma, falls occurred mainly among women and traffic accidents among men. The presence of alcohol on the breath was verified especially among men and the majority of them were referred to hospitals. Conclusion: Knowledge of the characteristics of the demographics and occurrences of trauma in elderly people is necessary for the early identification of those individuals more exposed to this risk. Thus, it is considered that this research was relevant to characterize the elderly people requiring first-aid assistance and the occurrences of trauma, furthermore it is hoped that educational measures should be implemented in the community in order to prevent such traumas

What is and how can be explained pregnancy in adolescence

ResumoIntrodução: O exercício da sexualidade de forma inconsequente pode gerar inúmeros conflitos e interferir nos planos futuros de cada adolescente, resultando em gravidez precoce, por exemplo. Objetivo: Descrever as ideias associadas à temática gravidez na adolescência. Método: Tratase de uma revisão sistemática com produção científica acerca da gravidez na adolescência divulgada em periódicos da área da saúde, no período 2006 a 2010. Tem abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa dos dados. A amostra analisada totalizou 20 artigos. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um roteiro estruturado contendo questões objetivas e subjetivas. Os dados quantitativos foram apresentados em tabela, os subjetivos, em quadros, refletidos através da análise temática (Bardin). Resultados: Os achados revelam sentimentos negativos, dentre outros, associados à gravidez na adolescência e a sua ocorrência a fatores psicológicos e socioeconômicos. Discussões: A gravidez na adolescência pode ser vista como um período de busca da identidade, ocorrendo em virtude da rebeldia, muitas vezes vivenciada em relação a sua família e ao contexto histórico-social. Portanto, sua explicação é multifatorial. Conclusão: Este fenômeno pode ser algo vivenciado positivamente ou negativamente, de forma desejada ou indesejada, com apoio familiar ou não. Por isso, faz-se necessário uma visão holística do fato. Espera-se que este estudo elucide questões acerca da gravidez na adolescência e coopere para ações preventivas e educativas.Introduction: The inconsequential exercise of sexuality may generate innumerous conflicts and interfere wityh each adolescent’s plans for the future, resulting in early pregnancy, for example. Objective: Describe the ideas associated to the subject pregnancy in adolescence. Methods: This is a systematic revision with scientific production about pregnancy in adolescence disseminated in health science journals, in the period of 2006 to 2010. It has a quantitative and qualitative approach to the data. The total analyzed samples were 20 articles. The data collection instrument was a structured script containing objective and subjective questions. The quantitative data was presented in tables, the subjective, in charts, reflected through thematic analysis (Bardin). Results: The findings revealed negative feelings, among others, associated to the pregnancy during adolescence and its occurrence to psychological and socio-economic factors.Discussions: The pregnancy in adolescence can be seen as a period of search for identity, occurring due to rebelliousness, many times experienced in relation to their families and to the historical and social context. However, its explanation is multifactorial. Conclusion: This phenomenon may be something that is experienced positively or negatively, in a desired or undesired form, with or without family support. Therefore, it is necessary a holistic view of the fact. Hopefully this study may clarify questions regarding pregnancy in adolescence and may cooperate to establish preventive and educational actions

Oral Provocation Test on the Diagnosis of Cow's Milk Protein Allergy in Children: Integrative Review

Introduction: The cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is considered the most prevalent food allergy in children, developing, usually, during the first three years of life and can cause gastrointestinal, respiratory and skin changes. Among the diagnostic methods used, there is the oral food challenge test. However, little used in clinical practice.Objective: Identifying the importance of Oral Provocation Test (OPT) in the diagnostic confirmation of CMPA in children.Method: An integrative review of studies of the last ten years, with six relevant articles related to the theme and used and described the OPT in children with suspected CMPA.Results: The OPT is important to confirm the diagnosis, avoiding prolonged exclusion diets, nutritional risks and unnecessary expenses. The oral test with milk can be adopted as the gold standard and used as a basis for comparative studies that aims to advance the molecular diagnosis, determining the specificities and sensitivities of such tests. It can also be used with other foods. In innovative studies to determine the tolerance of dairy foods, allowing include them in the feeding of these patients during the elimination diet.Conclusion: It is important that the OPT is performed early in the onset of symptoms suggestive of CMPA, in order to avoid prolonged exclusion diets, nutritional risks and unnecessary expenses

Action of Propolis on Microorganisms of the Oral Cavity: an Integrative Review

Introduction: In the mouth there are several microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, which, under favorable conditions, can cause oral health problems. In combating these diseases there are several antibiotics and antifungals, synthetic drugs and also natural.Objective: identifying the action of propolis on microorganisms in the oral cavity.Method: we opted for the integrative literature review, using the descriptors: oral cavity, propolis, anti-inflammatory activity, antimicrobial activity, endodontics, antimicrobial, propolis, saliva, metabolism, microbiology, antimicrobial activity and mouth; the consulted databases were PubMed, LILACS and SciELO, published between 1999 and 2014. The results were obtained through the selection of 09 articles, through close reading, critical and reflective texts, and then the organization of summary frames of data.Results: evidence was gathered and synthesized, pointing to the antibacterial action (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and antifungal (C. albicans and C. tropicallis) of propolis. The methodological designs of the studies analyzed were in majority, of weak evidence, for evidence-based practice. Therefore, the findings may be questioned.Conclusion: it needs that are carried out research studies in a systematic review and randomized clinical studies with humans, because they are considered major force evidence and are defined therapeutic parameters and minimum chemical composition, the different types of propolis, so having the appropriate/desired therapeutic properties

Red Propolis Antifungal Action on Species of Candida of the Oral Cavity

Introduction: propolis is a substance that has aroused the interest of many researchers because of its numerous therapeutic properties, antibacterial and antifungal.Objectives: identifying the species of Candida and evaluate the antifungal effect of red propolis yeast oral cavity.Method: this is a clinical in vitro study with saliva samples collected from 152 patients treated at the dental office of the Family Health Strategy in the city of São Bento-PB. The identification of Candida species was made through the Chrom Ãgar Candida. The antifungal activity of the propolis extract was analyzed in four different concentrations: 100%, 75%, 50% and 25%, through the agar diffusion test.Results: The most prevalent species was C. albicans; antifungal action as to the concentration of 25% of the propolis extract was that apparently demonstrated greater efficacy, compared to the highest concentration.Conclusion: The inhibitory effect of propolis against Candida may have been influenced by the concentration of alcohol present in the extract. To test this hypothesis suggests that search is performed with extracts of propolis and at the same time with the alcohol, in both concentrations and different environmental conditions. This study offers subsidies for other professionals employ different methodologies and propolis concentrations with other substances in order to test the antimicrobial action of these

Quantitative Assessment of the Association between Polymorphisms in Osteoprotegerin Gene and Risk of Low Bone Mineral Density

Background: Low bone mineral density (BMD) predisposes to osteoporosis and elevated risk of fractures. Osteoprotegerin is a soluble molecule associated to metabolism of bone tissue with inhibition of osteoclast-differentiation. Several studies determined the relation among polymorphisms in osteoprotegerin gene and low BMD, but the results are contradictory, so an evaluation about these polymorphisms is necessary. This study carried out a meta-analysis to four polymorphisms in osteoprotegerin gene (A163G, G1181C, T950C, T245G).Methods: A search in literature was made to identify studies with relevant information. The data was extracted by two investigators independently, following a standardized form. The statistical software Review Manager version 5.2 was used to calculation of heterogeneity (I²), Odds Ratio (OR) and Funnel plots with P<0.05.Results: Nineteen papers with twenty-one eligible studies with 5,120 patients and 4,386 controls were identified. G allele was associated to case group in A163G, G1181C and T245G polymorphisms (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.10, 1.46, P = 0.0010; OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.14, 1.37, P < 0.00001; OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.05, 1.48, P = 0.01, respectively). In T950C polymorphism, T allele neither C allele was associated to risk of bone low mineral density. No bias of publication was found in this analysis.Conclusion: This meta-analysis with 5,120 patients with low bone mineral density and 4,386 controls showed significant association among G alleles in A163G, G1181C and T245G polymorphism and increased risk of low BMD, T950C polymorphism was not significantly associated to risk of low bone mineral density

Estudo comparativo da morbimortalidade entre idosos no Estado da Paraíba

<p>O envelhecimento mundial é um fenômeno que tem sido muito discutido na última década e o seu rápido processo observado nos países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, ainda não tem sido suficientemente estudado para fornecer os elementos necessários ao desenvolvimento de políticas adequadas para essa parcela da população. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as principais causas de morbi-mortalidade, entre homens e mulheres com 60 anos ou mais, residentes no Estado da Paraíba. Realizou-se um estudo de natureza descritiva exploratório com abordagem quantitativa, por meio de dados secundários disponíveis no DATASUS, encontrados no site do Ministério da Saúde, de acordo com o Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade (SIM/SUS), o Sistema de Internações Hospitalares (SIH/SUS) e os dados demográficos segundo o IBGE. Identificou-se a Doença Isquêmica do Coração, seguida da Doença Cerebrovascular e do Diabetes Mellitus, com os maiores coeficientes de mortalidade nos idosos. Ao comparar as principais causas de mortalidade entre os sexos, os homens apresentaram maior risco para Cirrose e Doença Crônica do Fígado, Acidentes de Transporte e Câncer de Pulmão. As mulheres apresentaram como as principais causas de mortalidade o Diabetes Mellitus, Pneumonias e Infecções Intestinais. Entre as causas mais prevalentes de morbidade, destacam-se as Doenças Circulatórias, Doenças Respiratórias e Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias. Os resultados mostram as principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade entre os idosos são as doenças Circulatórias, Doenças Respiratórias e as Doenças Infecciosas, que podem ser reduzidas com a adoção de políticas amplas de promoção, prevenção e tratamento oportuno e adequado para essas doenças, o que aponta para uma crescente preocupação com medidas preventivas para esta faixa etária da população. </p><pre><strong><em>Comparative Study of Morbidity and Mortality Among the Elderly in the state of Paraiba</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></pre><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Aging is a global phenomenon that has been much discussed in the last decade and its rapid process observed in developing countries like Brazil, has not been sufficiently studied to provide the elements necessary to develop appropriate policies for this population. This study aimed to identify the main causes of morbidity and mortality among men and women aged 60 or older living in the state of Paraiba. We conducted a descriptive exploratory study with a quantitative approach, using secondary data available in DATASUS found on the website of the Ministry of Health, according to the Information System (SIM / SUS), the Hospital System (SIH / SUS) and demographic data according to IBGE. Identified the Ischemic Heart Disease, followed by Cerebrovascular Disease and Diabetes Mellitus, with the highest mortality rates in the elderly. By comparing the leading causes of mortality between the sexes, men had higher risk for Cirrhosis and Chronic Liver diseases, Traffic Accidents and Lung Cancer. The women presented as the main causes of mortality Diabetes Mellitus, Pneumonia and Intestinal Infections. Among the most prevalent causes of morbidity, there are the Circulatory Diseases, Respiratory Diseases and Infectious Diseases. The results here show the main causes of morbidity and mortality among the elderly are the Circulatory presented, Respiratory Diseases and the Infectious and Parasitic Diseases these can be reduced with the adoption of wide promotion, prevention and timely treatment and appropriate for these diseases, pointing to a growing preoccupation with measures prevention for this age group.</p

Estudo comparativo da morbimortalidade entre idosos no Estado da Paraíba

<p>O envelhecimento mundial é um fenômeno que tem sido muito discutido na última década e o seu rápido processo observado nos países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, ainda não tem sido suficientemente estudado para fornecer os elementos necessários ao desenvolvimento de políticas adequadas para essa parcela da população. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as principais causas de morbi-mortalidade, entre homens e mulheres com 60 anos ou mais, residentes no Estado da Paraíba. Realizou-se um estudo de natureza descritiva exploratório com abordagem quantitativa, por meio de dados secundários disponíveis no DATASUS, encontrados no site do Ministério da Saúde, de acordo com o Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade (SIM/SUS), o Sistema de Internações Hospitalares (SIH/SUS) e os dados demográficos segundo o IBGE. Identificou-se a Doença Isquêmica do Coração, seguida da Doença Cerebrovascular e do Diabetes Mellitus, com os maiores coeficientes de mortalidade nos idosos. Ao comparar as principais causas de mortalidade entre os sexos, os homens apresentaram maior risco para Cirrose e Doença Crônica do Fígado, Acidentes de Transporte e Câncer de Pulmão. As mulheres apresentaram como as principais causas de mortalidade o Diabetes Mellitus, Pneumonias e Infecções Intestinais. Entre as causas mais prevalentes de morbidade, destacam-se as Doenças Circulatórias, Doenças Respiratórias e Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias. Os resultados mostram as principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade entre os idosos são as doenças Circulatórias, Doenças Respiratórias e as Doenças Infecciosas, que podem ser reduzidas com a adoção de políticas amplas de promoção, prevenção e tratamento oportuno e adequado para essas doenças, o que aponta para uma crescente preocupação com medidas preventivas para esta faixa etária da população. </p><pre><strong><em>Comparative Study of Morbidity and Mortality Among the Elderly in the state of Paraiba</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></pre><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Aging is a global phenomenon that has been much discussed in the last decade and its rapid process observed in developing countries like Brazil, has not been sufficiently studied to provide the elements necessary to develop appropriate policies for this population. This study aimed to identify the main causes of morbidity and mortality among men and women aged 60 or older living in the state of Paraiba. We conducted a descriptive exploratory study with a quantitative approach, using secondary data available in DATASUS found on the website of the Ministry of Health, according to the Information System (SIM / SUS), the Hospital System (SIH / SUS) and demographic data according to IBGE. Identified the Ischemic Heart Disease, followed by Cerebrovascular Disease and Diabetes Mellitus, with the highest mortality rates in the elderly. By comparing the leading causes of mortality between the sexes, men had higher risk for Cirrhosis and Chronic Liver diseases, Traffic Accidents and Lung Cancer. The women presented as the main causes of mortality Diabetes Mellitus, Pneumonia and Intestinal Infections. Among the most prevalent causes of morbidity, there are the Circulatory Diseases, Respiratory Diseases and Infectious Diseases. The results here show the main causes of morbidity and mortality among the elderly are the Circulatory presented, Respiratory Diseases and the Infectious and Parasitic Diseases these can be reduced with the adoption of wide promotion, prevention and timely treatment and appropriate for these diseases, pointing to a growing preoccupation with measures prevention for this age group.</p