Identification of a new pathogen for turkey breeders: Staphyloccus aureus CC398, causing arthritis

Confronted in breeder turkey farms with arthritis, and important consequences in terms of less of earnings and antibiotic treatments, the authors reported the causal agent, isolated from the articular lesions, to Staphylococcus aureus strains of the complex clonal CC398. Further to a thorough molecular study of these strains, the authors put in perspective these results with the recent publications concerning the clonal complex CC398 in poultry farms. A better knowledge of its epidemiology and its pathogenesis will allow the veterinarian practitioner a preventive approach of the disease. Therapeutic approaches are estimated, by taking into account the antimicrobial resistances and the possible impact on public health, with problems caused by MRSA in human medicineConfrontés dans les élevages de dindes reproductrices à des arthrites aux conséquences importantes en termes de manque à gagner et de dépenses en traitements antibiotiques, les auteurs ont rapporté l'agent causal, isolé à partir des lésions d’arthrite, à des souches de Staphylococcus aureus du complexe clonal CC398. Suite à une étude moléculaire approfondie de ces souches, les auteurs mettent en perspective ces résultats avec les publications récentes concernant le complexe clonal CC398 dans les élevages de volailles. Une meilleure connaissance de son épidémiologie et de sa pathogénie permettra au vétérinaire praticien une approche préventive de la maladie. Des approches thérapeutiques sont évaluées, en tenant compte de la sensibilité des souches aux antibiotiques et de l’impact possible sur la santé publique, en lien avec les problèmes soulevés en santé humaine par les souches de SAR

Identification of a new reovirus causing tendinitis in broilers in France

Clinical cases of tendinitis have appear sporadically and then more regularly in broilers flocks among different regions in France since 2010. These tendinitis have been identified as a consequence of Reovirus infection despite the vaccination of breeders stock with vaccines containing different strains of Reovirus previously described in the field ; additionnally an horizontal transmission, especially at the time of hatch, has been observed. Virological studies conducted in two laboratories lead to the identification of a new type of Reovirus non described in Europe until now. In addition to genetic differences between this new virus and the vaccine strains used on the field, cross seroneutralisation tests have shown antigenic differences which could explain the inefficacy of the vaccines used in the field. In order to prevent the multiplication of theses viruses it seems usefull to update the composition of vaccines for a better protection of breeders and their progenyDes cas cliniques de tendinite sont apparus sporadiquement, puis plus régulièrement, dans des élevages de poulets de chair dans différentes régions de France depuis 2010. Ces tendinites ont été identifiées comme dues à une réovirose en dépit de la vaccination des poules parentales avec des vaccins contenant différentes valences de réovirus précédemment décrits comme présents sur le terrain ; en outre une transmission horizontale notamment lors de l’éclosion a été observée. Les études virologiques conduites dans deux laboratoires aboutissent à l’identification d’un nouveau réovirus jusqu’à présent non décrit en Europe. Outre des différences au plan génétique entre ce nouveau virus et les souches vaccinales utilisées sur le terrain, des tests de séroneutralisation croisée ont montré des différences antigéniques, ce qui peut expliquer l’inefficacité des vaccins observée sur le terrain. Pour prévenir la multiplication de ces virus il apparait donc utile de réactualiser la composition des vaccins de manière à protéger les poules reproductrices et leur descendanc

Genital form off pasteurellosis in breeding turkeys infected during artificial insemination and isolation off an unusual strain of <em>Pasteurella</em> <em>multocida.</em>

International audienceA genital and potentially fatal form of Pasteurella multocida infection was reported on two turkey-breeding farms on which birds were vaccinated against Pasteurella multocida. Both outbreaks were linked to the use of semen from young vaccinated toms with a history of respiratory pasteurellosis followed by treatment during rearing. Typing by agar gel immunodiffusion and rapid slide agglutination of P. multocida isolated from cloacal swabs was completed by multilocus sequence typing. Restriction enzyme analysis showed that that the isolates were clonal. They belonged to sequence type (ST) 30, described in chickens, cats, and ducks. This strain differed in sequence type from the ones used in the vaccine (ST8, ST60, ST53, and ST235), which might have limited its effectiveness. No contamination of the semen (n = 30) was found, suggesting fecal contamination during semen collection

Genotyping and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from diseased turkeys

Staphylococcus aureus is a highly versatile pathogen in a large number of domestic animals, including avian species. To gain deeper insight into the epidemiology and diversity of S. aureus associated with articular disease in domestic turkeys, isolates were collected from infected foot joints of turkeys in Brittany (France). A total of 34 isolates were recovered and characterized by means of antimicrobial resistance, staphylococcal protein A typing, macrorestriction pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and micro-array analysis. Thirty isolates were identified as clonal complex (CC) 398 and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), one was identified as a methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) CC398 isolate, and the remaining were also MSSA and belonged to CC5, CC101, and CC121. Eleven different antimicrobial resistance patterns were detected, with most isolates resistant to penicillin and tetracycline. Based on all typing methods used, the 34 isolates could be divided into 22 different strains. Results on selected isolates, genotyped using microarrays, indicated a high homogeneity among pathogenic MSSA isolates from turkeys. Moreover, all isolates, except the unique MRSA isolate, carried specific phi Av prophage avian-niche-specific genes, demonstrating the versatility of S. aureus to adapt to the specific ecological poultry niche

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