Structural and electronic properties of BiOF with two-dimensional layered structure under high pressure: Ab initio study

WOS: 000454538900007In this work, the crystal structure of the BiOF is studied under high hydrostatic pressure using ab initio calculations. Pressure-volume relationships and structural transitions are investigated using Siesta method. A first-order phase transition from the tetragonal matlockite PbFCl-type structure with space group P4/nmm to the orthorhombic structure with space group Cmcm is successfully observed for BiOF. This phase transition which occur around 19.6 GPa is also analyzed from the total energy and enthalpy calculations. In addition, electronic properties of BiOF are researched during the pressure. By analyzing the energy band structures, it is found that the band gaps P4/nmm and Cmcm phases for the BiOF are 2.74 and 2.47 eV, respectively

In vivo biocompatibility and fracture healing of hydroxyapatite-hexagonal boron nitridechitosan- collagen biocomposite coating in rats

The biocompatibility of orthopaedic implants and their effects on fracture healing have key roles for success. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of a novel biocomposite consisting of hydroxyapatite (HA), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), chitosan (Cs), and type 1 collagen (Ct1) on biocompatibility and fracture healing in rats. A total of 60 adult male Wistar rats weighing 300–500 g were used in the study. The rats were randomly divided into 2 groups named A (uncoated/control) and B (biocomposite coated). Biocomposite (HA/h-BN/Cs/Ct1) coated and uncoated stainless-steel implants were used as intramedullary pins. Groups A and B were divided into subgroups of A1 and B1 (15th day), A2 and B2 (30th day), A3 and B3 (45th day) according to the date of euthanasia. Clinical, radiographic, haematological, biochemical, and histopathological findings were evaluated by pairwise comparisons. The findings were consistent and similar. No statistically significant difference was found for a finding disturbing the biocompatibility. Histopathological examinations showed that coating biomaterials did not resorb over the course of 15, 30, and 45 days. It is thus revealed that the content is biocompatible. However, it has been concluded that it is necessary to increase the physical strength of the coating surface against sterilization and surgical procedures. As a result, based on the interpretations of the clinical, radiographic, haematological, biochemical, and histopathological findings, the biocompatibility of HA/h-BN/Cs/Ct1 biocomposite materials has been revealed

Term Baby Nutrition

The ideal feeding method for newborn babies is breastfeeding by their mother. In cases where this is not possible, giving the mother's expressed milk, donor breast milk, or the use of formulas should be applied. The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding only for the first six months and breastfeeding with complementary foods after the sixth month until age two and beyond. The content of breast milk is regulated according to the baby's needs, and each mother produces the most suitable milk for her baby. The nutrients, protective factors, living cells, growth factors, pre and probiotics in breast milk are miraculous. With the proper breastfeeding technique, the baby suckles effectively, sufficient milk production continues, and the possibility of problems such as nipple cracking and refusing to suckle is much reduced. To prevent mothers from worrying unnecessarily and to be able to breastfeed their babies adequately, the mother should be well informed about the signs of hunger, satiety, and sufficient milk supply. Formulas are used in feeding infants in the presence of insufficient or absent breast milk or in the presence of certain metabolic diseases. Standard formulas are suitable for term infants with normal gastrointestinal system functions. It can also be given to premature babies whose gestational age is over 34 weeks and birth weight is over 2,000 g. Breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother has human immunodeficiency virus infection or if the baby has galactosemia or a similar metabolic disease

An approach to the reliability of generalized k-out-of-n F system with identical components

Genelleştirilmiş n-den k-çıkışlı F sistemi doğrusal veya dairesel sıralanmış N tane modülden oluşur. j- inci modül birbirlerine paralel bağlı nj tane bileşen içerir (nj 1, j = 1, 2, . . . , N). Genelleştirilmiş n-den k-çıkışlı F sistem yalnız ve yalnız en az f tane arızalı bileşen varsa veya en az k tane ardışık çalışmayan modül varsa çalışmaz. Bu çalışmada; sistemde s tane arızalı bileşen bulunduğunda sistemin kaç farklı şekilde çalıştığı elde edilerek, bağımsız ve aynı dağılımlı bileşenlerden oluşan genelleştirilmiş n-den k-çıkışlı F sistemin güvenilirliği elde edilmiştir.A generalized k-out-of-n F system consists of a sequence of N ordered modules in a line or circle. The jth module is composed of nj components in parallel (nj 1 , j = 1, 2, . . . , N). The generalized k-out-of-n: F system fails if and only if there exist at least f failed components or if there exist at least k consecutive failed modules. In this study, the reliability of generalized k-out-of-n F system with independent and identical distributed components has been obtained by obtaining how many different ways the system operates when there are s failed components in the system

Improvement in Attention and Executive Functions During Isotretinoin Treatment in Patients With Acne

Background and Design: We assessed attention, memory, verbal-linguistic ability, and executive functions in acne vulgaris patients before and during isotretinoin treatment.Materials and Methods: Fifty-two treatment-naive acne patients at baseline and 24 at the second visit were evaluated. A neurocognitive battery including the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning and Memory Test, Auditory Consonant Trigram Test, Controlled Word Association Test, Digit Span Test, Trail Making Test A and B and the Stroop Test was used. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) were also applied.Results: We found improvements in attention and executive functions at the second visit in comparison with the baseline evaluations. No alteration was found in verbal episodic memory, learning, working memory, and phonemic verbal fluency (Digit Span Forwards Test p=0.003, Trial Making-A Test p=0.002, Trial Making –B Test p=0.000, Stroop test p=0.028).Discussion: The positive effects of isotretinoin on cognitive functions may be related to the decline in acne lesions and less mental occupation with the social impacts of acne

Gestasyon haftasına göre küçük olmak prematüre bebeklerde nörogelişimsel sonuçları olumsuz etkiler

Introduction: There is insufficient data on neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants small for gestational age (SGA) with ≤30 weeks of gestation. The aim of our study was to compare the neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants who are ≤30 weeks, in terms of being SGA or appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Materials and Methods: The data of infants who were born at ≤30 GW, were evaluated retrospectively. Neurological examinations and developmental assessment using Bayley Scales of Infant Development 2nd edition was performed at the corrected age of 18-24 months. Results: The data of 228 infants of whom 65 were SGA and 163 were AGA was evaluated in terms of neurodevelopment at the corrected age of 18-24 months. The mean gestational age (GA) was 28.4±1.1 in both groups (p=0.82) and the mean BW was 810±135 g in the SGA group and 1175±183 g in the AGA group (p<0.001). The SGA group had significantly lower Mental Development Index (p=0.01) and Psychomotor Development Index (p<0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, SGA was identified as an independent risk factor for neurodevelopmental delay (RR: 2.27; p=0.02). Conclusion: Being SGA is a risk factor for neurodevelopmental impairment of preterm infants (≤30 GW).Giriş: Gestasyon haftasına göre küçük (SGA) olan ≤30 hafta bebeklerin nörogelişimsel sonuçları hakkında yeterli veri bulunmamaktadır. Çalışmadaki amacımız SGA ve gestasyon haftasına göre normal (AGA) doğum ağırlığına sahip ≤30 hafta prematüre bebeklerde nörogelişimsel sonuçları karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Düzeltilmiş 18-24. aylarda nörolojik muayeneleri ve “Bayley Bebekler için Gelişimsel Değerlendirme Ölçeği II” ile gelişimsel değerlendirmeleri yapılan ≤30 hafta prematüre bebeklerin verileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Düzeltilmiş 18-24. ayda SGA (n=65) ve AGA (n=163) gruplarında toplam 228 bebek nörogelişimsel açıdan değerlendirildi. SGA ve AGA grubunda ortalama gestasyon yaşı (sırasıyla 28,4±1,1 ve 28,4±1,1, p=0,82) ve doğum ağırlığı (sırasıyla 810±135 ve 1175±183 g, p<0,001) olarak tespit edildi. Nörogelişimsel değerlendirmede, SGA grubunda bilişsel ölçek puanı (p<0,01) ve hareket ölçek puanı (p<0,001) anlamlı olarak daha düşük bulundu. Çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizinde SGA’nın nörogelişimsel gerilik için bağımsız risk faktörü olduğu saptandı (RR: 2,27, p=0,02). Sonuç: Prematüre bebeklerin (≤30 hafta) gestasyon haftasına göre düşük doğum ağırlığı ile doğmaları, nörogelişimsel gerilik açısından risk faktörüdür

Aşırı düşük doğum ağırlıklı bebeklerde erken dönem solunum desteğinin nörogelişimsel sonuçlarla ilişkisinin incelenmesi

Objective: This study investigated relationship between early respiratory support and neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants. Methods: Our study included infants born before 32 weeks’ gestation at a birth weight of 750-1000 g that were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit and underwent a neurodevelopmental evaluation at the corrected age of 24 months. Two hundred-twelve infants were divided into 3 groups by determining the predominant type of respiratory support required in the first 3 days of life. Infants who received supplemental oxygen therapy group 1, those who received nasal continuous positive airway pressure and/or nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation were in group 2, and intubated infants were included in group 3. Differences between the groups and relationships between neurodevelopment scores [mental development index (MDI); psychomotor development index (PDI)] were examined. Results: The patients mean birth weight was 887±73 g and mean gestational age was 27±1.9 weeks. MDI and PDI values were below 70 in the intubated patient group (68 and 66, respectively). Patients who received noninvasive ventilation or supplemental oxygen therapy for the first 3 days of life had significantly higher MDI and PDI values. In terms of morbidities of prematurity, intubated infants had higher rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, and retinopathy of prematurity. Conclusion: Restrictive invasive ventilation policies can be applied to preterm infants and may improve neurodevelopmental outcomes. The results of this study suggest that every additional day of invasive mechanical ventilation should be avoided if possible.Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı aşırı düşük doğum ağırlıklı bebeklerde erken dönem solunum desteği ile nörogelişimsel sonuçların ilişkisini araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatmış, doğum ağırlığı 750-1000 gram arasında ve gebelik haftası 32 haftadan küçük, çalışma sırasında düzeltilmiş 24 aylık nörogelişim muayenesini 2018 Kasım ayı itibarı ile tamamlamış bebekler çalışmaya dahil edildi. İki yüz on iki bebeğin yaşamının ilk üç gününde hangi solunum desteğine ihtiyaç duyduğu belirlenerek üç ayrı grup oluşturuldu. Ağırlıklı serbest oksijen alan bebekler 1., nazal sürekli pozitif hava yolu basıncı ve/veya nazal aralıklı zorunlu ventilasyon alanlar 2., entübe izlenen bebekler ise 3. gruba alınarak gruplar karşılaştırıldı. Bu üç grup arasındaki farklar ve nörogelişim skorları [mental gelişim indeksi (MDI); psikomotor gelişim indeksi PDI)] arasındaki ilişkiler incelendi. Bulgular: Hastaların ortalama doğum ağırlığı, 887±73 gr, gebelik haftası 27±1,9 hafta idi. Mekanik ventilatörde entübe izlenen hastaların MDI ve PDI değerleri <70 idi (sırasıyla; 68, 66) idi. İlk üç günde ağırlıklı olarak non-invaziv modda veya serbest oksijen desteği ile takip edilen hastaların MDI ve PDI değerleri daha yüksek saptandı ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi. Prematüre morbiditeleri açısından analiz edildiğinde ise entübe takip edilen grupta bronkopulmoner displazi, patent duktus arteriozus, intraventriküler hemoraji ve prematüre retinopatisi daha yüksek oranda bulundu. Sonuç: Erken doğmuş bebeklerde kısıtlayıcı invaziv ventilasyon politikası uygulanabilir ve nörogelişimsel sonuçları iyileştirebilir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları göz önüne alındığında; ilave her invaziv mekanik ventilasyon günü mümkün olduğunca önlenmelidir