Water Resilience Portfolio, January 2020

In April 2019, Governor Newsom directed state agencies through Executive Order N-10-19 to develop a “water resilience portfolio,” described as a set of actions to meet California’s water needs through the 21st century. The order identified seven principles on which to base this portfolio: Prioritize multi-benefit approaches that meet several needs at once » Utilize natural infrastructure such as forests and floodplains Embrace innovation and new technologies Encourage regional approaches among water users sharing watersheds Incorporate successful approaches from other parts of the world Integrate investments, policies, and programs across state government Strengthen partnerships with local, federal and tribal governments, water agencies and irrigation districts, and other stakeholders. In response, state agencies developed an inventory and assessment of key aspects of California water, soliciting broad input from tribes, agencies, individuals, groups, and leaders across the state. An interagency working group considered this assessment and public input and developed a portfolio, which can be defined as the integrated use of a broad range of actions. It is intended to strengthen the resilience of water systems, thereby helping communities prepare for disruptions, to withstand and recover from shocks, and to adapt and grow from these experiences. The pace at which we can carry out this diverse but connected set of actions will depend upon available resources, but taken together, they should allow us to thrive into an uncertain future

The Quest to Identify a New Virus Disease of Sunflower from Nebraska

Between 2010 and 2018, sunflower plants exhibiting virus-like symptoms, including stunting, mottling, and chlorotic ringspots on leaves, were observed from commercial fields and research plots from four sites within three distinct counties of western Nebraska (Box Butte, Kimball, and Scotts Bluff). Near identical symptoms from field samples were reproduced on seedlings mechanically in the greenhouse on multiple occasions, confirming the presence of a sap-transmissible virus from each site. Symptomatic greenhouse-inoculated plants from the 2010 and 2011 Box Butte samples tested negative for sunflower mosaic virus (SuMV), sunflower chlorotic mottle virus (SuCMoV), and all potyviruses in general by ELISA and RT-PCR. Similar virallike symptoms were later observed on plants in a commercial sunflower field in Kimball County in 2014, and again from volunteers in research plots in Scotts Bluff County in 2018. Samples from both of these years were again successfully reproduced on seedlings in the greenhouse as before following mechanical transmissions. Symptom expression for all years began 12 to 14 days after inoculation as mild yellow spots followed by the formation of chlorotic ringspots from the mottled pattern. The culture from 2014 tested negatively for three groups of nepoviruses via RT-PCR, ruling this group out. However, transmission electron microscopy assays of greenhouse-infected plants from both 2014 and 2018 revealed the presence of distinct, polyhedral virus particles. With the use of high throughput sequencing and RT-PCR, it was confirmed that the infections from both years were caused by a new virus in the tombusvirus genus and was proposed to be called Sunflower ring spot mottle virus (SuRSMV). Although the major objective of this project was to identify the causal agent of the disease, it became evident that the diagnostic journey itself, with all the barriers encountered on the 10-year trek, was actually more important and impactful than identification

Microclimate–forage growth linkages across two strongly contrasting precipitation years in a Mediterranean catchment

Given the complex topography of California rangelands, contrasting microclimates affect forage growth at catchment scales. However, documentation of microclimate–forage growth associations is limited, especially in Mediterranean regions experiencing pronounced climate change impacts. To better understand microclimate–forage growth linkages, we monitored forage productivity and root-zone soil temperature and moisture (0–15 and 15–30 cm) in 16 topographic positions in a 10-ha annual grassland catchment in California's Central Coast Range. Data were collected through two strongly contrasting growing seasons, a wet year (2016–17) with 287-mm precipitation and a dry year (2017–18) with 123-mm precipitation. Plant-available soil water storage (0–30 cm) was more than half full for most of the wet year; mean peak standing forage was 2790 kg ha−1 (range: 1597–4570 kg ha−1). The dry year had restricted plant-available water and mean peak standing forage was reduced to 970 kg ha−1 (range: 462–1496 kg ha−1). In the wet year, forage growth appeared energy limited (light and temperature): warmer sites produced more forage across a 3–4°C soil temperature gradient but late season growth was associated with moister sites spanning this energy gradient. In the dry year, the warmest topographic positions produced limited forage across a 10°C soil temperature gradient until late season rainfall in March. Linear models accounting for interactions between soil moisture and temperature explained about half of rapid, springtime forage growth variance. These findings reveal dynamic but clear microclimate–forage growth linkages in complex terrain, and thus, have implications for rangeland drought monitoring and dryland ecosystems modeling under climate change

Distribution Of Peach Latent Mosaic Viroid In Commercial Orchards Of Peach In The North Of Tunisia

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Syrian beancaper (Zygophyllum fabago L.)

Educação Superior::Ciências Biológicas::BotânicaApresenta imagem da Alcaparra síria, uma planta herbácea perene. As flores são esbranquiçadas, amarelas ou de cobre-laranja com 5 pétalas e aparecem de maio a agosto. As folhas, compostas de dois folhetos que lhe dá um aspecto de Y arredondado. As folhas são grossas e carnudas. Alcaparra síria geralmente forma grandes colônia

Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana (J.G. Kuhn) G.P. Clinton)

Apresenta imagem dos sinais e sintomas de da espiga de milho afetada pelo Carvão do pendão (Sphacelotheca reiliana)Educação Superior::Ciências Agrárias::AgronomiaEducação Superior::Ciências Biológicas::Botânic

Syrian beancaper (Zygophyllum fabago L.)

Educação Superior::Ciências Biológicas::BotânicaApresenta imagem da Alcaparra síria, uma planta herbácea perene. As flores são esbranquiçadas, amarelas ou de cobre-laranja com 5 pétalas e aparecem de maio a agosto. As folhas, compostas de dois folhetos que lhe dá um aspecto de Y arredondado. As folhas são grossas e carnudas. Alcaparra síria geralmente forma grandes colônia

Jacinto D'água (Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth)

Educação Superior::Ciências Biológicas::BotânicaApresenta imagem da planta Jacinto D'água, que é também conhecida como Aguap

Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana (J.G. Kuhn) G.P. Clinton)

Apresenta imagem dos sinais e sintomas de da espiga de milho afetada pelo Carvão do pendão (Sphacelotheca reiliana)Educação Superior::Ciências Agrárias::AgronomiaEducação Superior::Ciências Biológicas::Botânic

Jacinto D'água (Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth)

Educação Superior::Ciências Biológicas::BotânicaApresenta imagem da planta Jacinto D'água, que é também conhecida como Aguap