Lexi-Term : approches plurielles de la lexicographie spécialisée et de la terminologie/terminographie

Ce numéro de R.I.L.A. ‒ Rassegna Italiana di Linguistica Applicata, sur Lexi-Term : approches plurielles de la lexicographie spécialisée et de la terminologie/terminographie, naît de l’intérêt que le Groupe de Recherche Modena Lexi-Term porte à la lexicographie spécialisée, à la terminologie et à la terminographie mono- et bilingues, ainsi qu’à l’étude du comportement des termes en contexte, étroitement liée à l’analyse de corpus de textes authentiques. aduzione giuridica

Conclu* in English and Italian historical research articles

This paper integrates the tools of corpus linguistics and a more genre-oriented perspective in order to explore the lemmatizations of conclu* in the Conclusions of English and Italian research articles in history. Specifically, the main emphasis is placed on second-level Summarizers and concluders (Siepmann 2005) and the way they interact with other discourse markers and metadiscourse across moves. As will be seen, SLDMs represent a marked option,in that they add extra-meaning to their more general, more transparent, more frequent, and lessspecific counterparts. Whereas variation within the unit or pattern results from combinations with discourse markers from the same or other categories, variation across English and Italian isbetter accounted for within an interpersonal model of metadiscourse (Hyland 2004, 2008), interms of different strategies on the interactional level

Webpage usability and utility content: Citizens' rights and the law on Gov.uk

The goal of this descriptive study is to investigate the visual and written representation of legal knowledge in selected articles and directories of the Gov.uk platform, which transmits and mediates legal knowledge from the UK Government and Ministry of Justice as institutional principals to individual citizens. The data suggests that the Your rights and the law pages at Gov.uk are able to deliver good value to the end-user (i.e. knowledge) and to the institution (in terms of credibility and trust generation). Written mediation of legal knowledge through the Your rights and the law pages at Gov.uk, we have seen, comes with recourse to interdiscursive and interlocutive dialogic devices. Oftentimes, expository reformulations resemble lexicographic definitions in dictionary articles: they may come in diverse combinations and vary according to the direction of the definition, type (analytical or by function), present or absent relational expressions, etc. This involves reconceptualization of terms from source discourses and approximations to specialized meanings. From a usability point of view, the Your rights and the law pages appear to qualify as mature information formats and a powerful means for knowledge construction and representation, as well as engagement and interaction with end-users (GDS-a, GDS-b). They satisfy the standard criteria for usable user interfaces – layout consistency, meaningful headings, itemized keywords and hierarchical organization of expandable content, clear signposting and multiple access routes, etc. Accordingly, information is diluted across pages, and content often graphically schematized into bulleted lists that separate and fix subordinate components on the page. This demonstrates a major concern with the graphic/visual organization of expandable utility content, which is a major prerequisite for encouraging users to turn to the Gov.uk platform rather than other sources for basic self-help, services and documentation

Naming and appellative constructs in law, finance and banking

Bringing together Oxford handbooks, companions and quick references, the Oxford References platform (OR) provides ample and authoritative – hence, trustworthy (Origgi 2013) – coverage of a number of subjects, including Law, Finance and Banking.  In this paper, we compare and contrast the functions (Jackendoff 2010, adapted) that fill out semantic relations in complex nominal and naming constructs (compounds and phrases) collected from the macro- and microstructures of Johnathan Law’s bestselling A Dictionary of Law (2018, 9 ed.; ODL) and A Dictionary of Finance and Banking (2018, 9 ed.; ODFB). The main emphasis lies on naming and appellative (van Langendonck 2007; van Langendonck, van de Velde 2016) constructs (Booij 2010) with names as modifiers. Qualitative data analysis shows that metonymy plays a key role in naming, not only in ODL, but also in ODFB. Yet, in ODFB metonymy is also found to account for a shift from the argument-modifier schema or the CAUSE and COMMEMORATIVE functions (‘be named after’; Schlücker 2016) to EPITHETS (Breban 2018) and TYPIFYING uses (Koptjevskaja-Tamm 2013), whenever associative meanings and complex descriptions enter into the picture. Also, metaphor appears to motivate appellative and naming constructs in finance and banking, though not in law

Proc\ue9d\ue9s d\ue9finitoires dans les vocabulaires juridiques fran\ue7ais et anglais : le cas des emprunts

Dans cette \ue9tude nous nous proposons d\u2019analyser les d\ue9finitions lexicographiques de quelques emprunts du fran\ue7ais juridique \ue0 l\u2019anglais et de l\u2019anglais juridique au fran\ue7ais, dans une optique contrastive. A cette fin nous avons compos\ue9 deux corpus. L\u2019un accueille les termes juridiques que le fran\ue7ais a emprunt\ue9s \ue0 la langue anglaise, relev\ue9s dans le Vocabulaire Juridique (VJ) de CORNU (2007). L\u2019autre recense les termes juridiques que l\u2019anglais a emprunt\ue9s \ue0 la langue fran\ue7aise, relev\ue9s dans l\u2019Oxford Dictionary of Law (ODoL) de MARTIN \u2013 LAW (2006). Les deux listes d\u2019entr\ue9es ainsi obtenues, compl\ue9t\ue9es par leurs articles lexicographiques ainsi que par les articles correspondants tir\ue9s des dictionnaires juridiques de la langue d\u2019origine (de l\u2019ODoL pour les entr\ue9es du VJ et vice-versa), nous permettent de mettre en comparaison la convergence \ue9ventuelle du sens entre emprunt et mot d\u2019origine aussi bien que la construction des d\ue9finitions dans les deux langues. La premi\ue8re partie de cet article est centr\ue9e sur la description de la typologie et des fonctions des deux vocabulaires pris en examen (\ua7 1.), sur le d\ue9bat ouvert autour de la d\ue9finition lexicographique (\ua7 2.), ainsi que sur la pr\ue9sentation du mod\ue8le de d\ue9finition avanc\ue9 par WIEGAND (\ua7 2.1.), que nous utiliserons comme cadre th\ue9orique dans lequel situer l\u2019analyse de notre double corpus, bien qu\u2019en version adapt\ue9e \ue0 nos propos et simplifi\ue9e. La deuxi\ue8me partie proc\ue8de \ue0 l\u2019analyse des d\ue9marches d\ue9finitoires des emprunts lexicaux juridiques relev\ue9s (\ua7 4.) \u2013 pr\ue9alablement subdivis\ue9s selon leur typologie (\ua7 3.) \u2013 afin de mettre en \ue9vidence les convergences et les divergences d\ue9finitoires \ue9ventuelles

Prestito giuridico e specificità culturali: un approccio contrastivo

Rispetto ai linguaggi specialistici legati alle scienze pure e alle tecnologie, il linguaggio giuridico non si caratterizza per la monosemia dei suoi termini ma, al contrario, per una forte polisemia che dipende dalla storia della disciplina e dalla sua compenetrazione con la cultura della società che in essa si esprime. Ciò non toglie tuttavia che il lessico giuridico possa essere analizzato, nella maniera più oggettiva e univoca possibile: pur essendo polisemico e culturo-specifico infatti, il linguaggio giuridico resta comunque altamente specializzato in quanto utilizzato prevalentemente in testi emessi da esperti e destinati ad esperti. La forte specificità culturale di tale lingua di specialità crea difficoltà traduttive dovute alla mancata equivalenza dei concetti e degli oggetti nel passaggio da una lingua-cultura ad un’altra, accentuate nel caso di contatto tra sistemi giuridici differenti quali common law e civil law. Nel caso specifico, il contatto tra francese e inglese giuridico ha generato e tuttora genera – per via dell’evoluzione costante della disciplina, dei sistemi giuridici e dei tentativi di unificazione promossi dall’Unione Europea – il fenomeno dei prestiti in entrambe le direzioni, seppur con differenze diacroniche. Ci proponiamo quindi di sondare il legame esistente tra francese e inglese giuridico, reso evidente dal passaggio di prestiti tra le due lingue, rilevando le diverse tipologie di prestiti riscontrabili in alcuni vocabolari giuridici francesi e inglesi, con particolare attenzione da un lato per l’emergere di differenze diacroniche che si rivelano nei diversi tipi di prestito (integrato, xenismo, ibrido, etc.) dall’altro per il fenomeno della francisation, per il quale accanto al termine inglese originale preso a prestito dalla lingua francese si vede l’impiego di una variante francese, proposta dalle Commissioni Terminologiche del Conseil International de la Langue Française, che tuttavia difficilmente riesce a soppiantare completamente il prestito, ragione per la quale i vocabolari spesso riportano entrambe le entrate (seppur con definizioni e approfondimenti diversi)

Specialized Lexicography, terminology and reference tools

Ce numéro spécial de Lingue & Linguaggi s’interroge sur certains aspects théoriques et pratiques concernant les termes appartenant aux domaines de l’économie et du droit et notamment sur leur inclusion dans des ressources monolingues ou bilingues consultées par des usagers experts et non experts, selon une pluralité d’approches théoriques et méthodologiques. À côté de l’aspect domanial économique ou juridique, les questions théoriques qui tissent un fil rouge entre les différents articles concernent les aspects suivants: la réflexion autour de la définition des termes; le support que les corpus peuvent fournir à une représentation du sens tenant compte des objectifs spécifiques des usagers ciblés par les ressources elles-mêmes; l’utilité de la terminologie en tant qu’instrument cognitif apte à la structuration et à la dénomination de nouvelles idées dans des domaines spécialisés; les avantages ou les désavantages apportés par la facilité et la rapidité d’accès aux nombreuses ressources sur la Toile de la part du public – expert, semi expert ou profane

Introduction. Lexicographie spécialisée et ressources terminologiques et terminographiques

Introductio

Desperately, utterly, and other intensifiers. On their inclusion and definition in Dr Johnson\u2019s Dictionary

This paper applies the methodology of corpus linguistics to Dr Johnson\u2019s Dictionary in order to evaluate the lexicographer\u2019s mastery and interest in registering actual language usage. Specifically, it focuses on the ways and extent to which Dr Johnson's Dictionary accounts for the enormously varied and ever-changing lexico-functional category of intensifiers (e.g. abominably, abundantly, ardently, bad), varying connotations, type and degree of expressivity, as well as style and register restrictions. By using the Dictionary itself as a corpus and referring for comparison to the Oxford English Dictionary (restricted to the relevant time span), we demonstrate that intensifiers in the Dictionary \u2013 around 860 altogether \u2013 are depicted as varying not just along the continuous scales of formality and history but also on the scale of attitude, on the lexico-semantic dimensions of degree, connotations and expressivity, and on the scale of language purity. The paper thus demonstrates that Johnson had a genuine and surprisingly deep interest in colloquial language